1800s review

1. The Eastern Question refers to the disintegration of

Otto Empire

2. England and France entered the Crimean War in 1854 because they feared growing influence in the Mediterranean by

Russia

3. An overall result of the Crimean War was

- Russia has to surrender Destroyed Concert of Europe
- Austria and Russia were enemies
- Russia was weakened and humiliated
- Britain refrained from continental affairs
- Austria had no allies because they chose not to help any during the war / the destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification

4. In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from

The king of Piedmont

5. The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

Camillo di Cavour

6. The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

Austria

7. The Romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy was

Giuseppe Garibaldi

8. The Red Shirts fought for

Garibaldi

9. Otto von Bismarck belonged to which class?

The Junker class

10. As a statesman, Bismarck can best be appreciated as

A consummate politician and opportunist capitalizing on unexpected events and manipulating affairs in his favor

11. As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

a. pay an indemnity to Prussia of five billion Francs.
b. give the eastern frontier provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia, a loss leaving the French set on revenge.

12. In 1871, William I was proclaimed kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in

Versailles

13. The Communist Manifesto of Marx and Engels

based all historical development on class struggle

14. According to Karl Marx, the final result of the struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat would be

A classless society

15. Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?

His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival.

16. Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man

argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time.

17. The scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weights was

Dmitri Mendeleev

Auguste Comte was responsible for

founding the discipline of sociology

19. The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

Klemens von Metternich

20. Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to

The restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions

The Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Louis-Philippe became known as the

bourgeois monarch

Louis Blanc's "national workshops" in France

became little more than unemployment compensation units through public works projects

In 1848, the Frankfurt Assembly

ailed in its attempt to create a united Germany

All of the following were characteristics of Romanticism except

the rejection of the supernatural and unfamiliar

The Romantic movement can be viewed as

reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason

The most important form of literary expression for the Romantics was

poetry

Which of the following were major themes/subjects of Romantic artists?

landscapes and depictions of nature