Psychopathology and Diagnostic Systems - Flashcards

50 vocabulary flashcards covering psychopathology concepts, DSM-5, DSM-5 changes, DSM vs ICD, and common disorders.

Psychopathology

The study of abnormal behavior and psychological disorders, including descriptions, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and their impact on daily functioning.

DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; a widely used system for classifying mental disorders into categories and providing diagnostic criteria.

ICD-11

International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition; WHO classification system for all diseases, including mental disorders, used for diagnosis, research, and statistics.

Etiology

Causes or origins of mental disorders, including biological, psychological, and social factors.

Diagnosis

Identification and classification of mental disorders based on criteria from manuals like the DSM-5.

Treatment

Therapies and interventions (e.g., psychotherapy, medication, CBT) used to address mental disorders, often in combination.

Prognosis

Predicted course and outcome of a mental disorder, including chances of recovery or recurrence.

Biological approach

View that hereditary and neurological factors contribute to mental disorders.

Psychological approach

Perspective that emphasizes mental processes and emotions in understanding disorders.

Learning approach

Explanation of abnormal behavior as learned through experiences, conditioning, and reinforcement.

Cognitive approach

Emphasis on thought processes and how thinking patterns contribute to disorders.

Biopsychosocial model

Integrated framework recognizing biological, psychological, and social factors in psychopathology and treatment.

Domain 1: Biological

Biology-related domain including neuroscience, consciousness, and sensation.

Domain 2: Cognitive

Domain covering perception, cognition, memory, and intelligence.

Domain 3: Development

Domain covering learning, conditioning, lifespan development, and language.

Domain 4: Social and Personality

Domain including personality, emotion, motivation, gender, and culture.

Domain 5: Mental and Physical Health

Domain including abnormal psychology, therapy, and health psychology.

Normality

The condition of being typical or expected within a group; adaptable, practical, and socially acceptable.

Abnormality

Behavior that is dysfunctional, distressing, or socially unacceptable and impairs functioning.

Subjective distress

Personal feelings of distress or discomfort that signal a possible problem.

Maladaptive criterion

Behaviors that harm health or functioning, indicating abnormality.

Statistical criterion

Abnormality defined by statistically uncommon or rare behaviors in a population.

Violation of social norms criterion

Behaviors that violate societal norms, signaling abnormality.

Personal distress criterion

Self-reported significant and prolonged distress as a sign of abnormality.

Deviance from ideal criterion

Behavior that deviates from an ideal standard of behavior.

Danger criterion

Behaviors that are dangerous to self or others.

Statistical model of abnormality

Mathematical approach using infrequency and normal distribution to define abnormality.

Mean

The average value in a distribution; a measure of central tendency.

Standard deviation

A measure of dispersion indicating how scores fall around the mean.

IQ

Intelligence quotient; a normally distributed measure with mean 100 and SD 15 in examples.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, persistent worry about many topics.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable; avoidance of open spaces or crowds.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks, often with concern about future attacks and avoidance.

Specific Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations that impair functioning.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations; avoidance of social interactions.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Excessive anxiety when separated from attachment figures; can affect children and adults.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in certain social situations despite speaking in other contexts.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A common psychotherapy that identifies and changes distorted thoughts and behaviors.

Exposure Therapy

Therapy that gradually exposes a person to feared stimuli to reduce fear and build coping beliefs.

Bereavement Exclusion

Removal in DSM-5 allowing diagnosis of major depressive disorder after bereavement.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Consolidation of autism-related diagnoses under ASD; a spectrum of presentations.

Substance Use Disorder

Combined category for problematic use of substances causing impairment or distress.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

DSM-5 category including ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and related conditions.

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

DSM-5 category including schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.

Depressive Disorders

DSM-5 category including major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder.

Anxiety Disorders

DSM-5 category including GAD, phobias, panic disorder, and social anxiety.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

DSM-5 category including PTSD and related trauma-related conditions.

Personality Disorders

DSM-5 category including enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate from expectations.

DSM-5 Categories: Neurodevelopmental

Group including ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and related developmental disorders.

DSM-5 Categories: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Group covering schizophrenia and related disorders.

DSM-5 Categories: Depressive Disorders

Group covering major depressive disorder and other mood disorders.

DSM-5 Categories: Anxiety Disorders

Group covering GAD, phobias, panic disorder, and related fear-based conditions.

DSM-5 Categories: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Group covering disorders related to trauma and stress exposure.

ICD

International Classification of Diseases; WHO system for diagnosing diseases and providing diagnostic codes.

ICD vs DSM relationship

ICD provides diagnostic codes; DSM provides diagnostic criteria; DSM often uses ICD codes; ICD is WHO-produced and broader.