Exam 4 - lungs pt 4

pulmonary carcinomas are asymptomatic until they are ____. Once they reach this stage, ___, ____, and ___ are symptoms

advanced

chronic cough, hoarseness, hemoptysis

what is the name of the lung cancer located in the pulmonary apex of the lungs

pancoast tumor

where is pain felt form pancoast tumors

chest, shoulder, arm

what are the 3 parts of pancoast syndrome

1. shoulder pain

2. C8-T2 radicular pain

3. horner syndrome from increase sympathetic activity

when do pleural lesions resolve

when the causative agent is removed from the pleural space

what is a product that can accumulate in the pleural space which is protein poor? what if it is protein rich?

transudate

exudate

if inflammation is the cause of edema, what kind of edema will be present

exudate

is transudate or exudate more common to accumulate in the pleural space (pleural effusion)? where does this form of edema come from?

transudate

congestive heart failure

what is empyema

pus within a body cavity

what is pneumothorax

air within the pleural cavity

will spontaneous pneumothorax resolve on its own? who is this common in?

yes

tall, thin males

air that accumulates in the pleural cavity and causes a shift of the mediastinum represents ___ pneumothorax. This air accumulates rapidly and cannot escape.

tension

what is hemothorax

blood accumulating in the pleural space that is often lethal

what may cause hemothorax

trauma, rupture thoracic aortic aneurysm

what is chylothorax

lymphatic fluid in pleural cavity

asbestos exposure leads to what type of lung cancer

mesothelioma

asbestos fibers accumulate and evade phagocytosis which leads to an increase in ____ in mesothelioma

ROS

is mesothelioma benign or malignant

malignant

how long can mesothelioma lay latent

25-40 years

does mesothelioma often metastasize? Does it like to invade the surrounding area?

no, yes

atelectasis results from what

collapsed lung

what are the 3 primary types of atelectasis

resorption

compression

contraction

resorption atelectasis results when there is an ___ in the conducting zone of the lungs and the air cannot reach distal airways. All the distal airways will ___ inward as the air is reabsorbed

obstruction, contract

compression atelectasis results when the pleural space fills with ___ or ___ and causes the lung to collapse. The most common substance to fill the pleural cavity is ___ which come from ____

fluid, air, transudate, CHF

contraction atelectasis results from local or generalized ____. This results in decreased ___ of the lungs which limits alveolar opening and ultimately leads to collapse. Is this more of a restrictive or obstructive lung condition?

fibrosis, expansion, restrictive

acute respiratory distress syndrome results when adult lungs experience severe ___ which causes __ membranes to accumulate

trauma/injury, hyaline

why is acute respiratory distress syndrome life threatening

it causes systemic hypoxia, edema, diffuse alveolar damage

what is one of the most characteristic aspects of acute respiratory distress syndrome

hyaline membranes

what needs to be present in order to be diagnosed with vaping associated lung injury

vape in last 90 days

pulmonary infiltrates (densities)

absence of all other lung diseases

what is the suspected chemical of vaping associated lung injury

Vitamin E acetate