(6)Chapter15-Amines(sp25)

Amines

Organic derivatives of ammonia (NH3); characterized by the functional group –N(H).

Amides

Compounds that include a carbonyl group along with the nitrogen atom.

Freebase

The neutral form of an amine.

Salts

Charged conjugate acids of amines, such as -NH3 +Cl-.

Hydrogen Bonding

The strong intermolecular forces that can occur if an amine has an NH group present.

Phenethylamines

A class of stimulants, includes substances like amphetamines and cocaine.

Bioavailability

The proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body.

Primary Amine

Contains one carbon attached to the nitrogen atom.

Secondary Amine

Contains two carbons attached to the nitrogen atom.

Tertiary Amine

Contains three carbons attached to the nitrogen atom.

Quaternary Ammonium Salt

An ion formed when nitrogen is bonded to four carbon groups and carries a positive charge.

Weak Base

A substance, such as an amine, that can accept hydrogen ions (H+).

Acid/Base Reactions

Reactions involving the transfer of H+ ions; amines can react with acids to form ammonium ions.

Condensation Reaction

A chemical reaction between an amine and a carboxylic acid to form an amide and water.

Amino Acids

Biochemical monomers that polymerize into proteins, containing both amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups.

Central Dogma of Biology

The principle that hereditary traits are passed through DNA and converted into RNA for protein synthesis.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, represented by the general formula CnH2n.

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, represented by the general formula CnH2n-2.

Functional Groups

Specific groupings of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.

Cyclic Compounds

Compounds that contain a ring structure, which can be saturated (single bonds) or unsaturated (double or triple bonds).

Chirality

The property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image, often due to the presence of a chiral center.

Stereochemistry

The study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and its effect on chemical properties.

Functional Group Priority

The hierarchy used in naming compounds based on the priority of the functional groups present, which can determine suffixes and prefixes.