Episode 3/4: Middle Colonies and Expansion + Enlightenment and 1st Great Awakening

The Restoration

restoration to power of an English monarch-Charles II 1660 following a Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell

New York

Proprietary colony formerly Dutch New Amsterdam; diverse population

New Jersey

Proprietary colony that advertised representative government and freedom of religion

Pennsylvania

Proprietary colony for Quakers also advertised land at a reasonable price and toleration of diversity; cereal crops

Proprietary Colony

Colony owned by an individual or group of individuals

Mercantilism

Economic system colonists could supply raw materials to England and could buy English goods

Navigation Acts

Passed by the House of Commons to enforce Mercantilism

Dominion of New England

Created by English King to punish New England by making it a royal colony (revoking proprietorship) for violating Navigation Acts, Sir Edmund Andros appointed royal governor

The Glorious Revolution

Move by House of Commons to remove Catholic monarch for Protestants William and Mary of Orange who had to sign the English Bill of Rights establishing a Constitutional Monarch

1689 - Boston Revolt

Reaction to the Glorious Revolution of Bostonians arresting and imprisoning Dominion officials including Andros

Leisler’s Rebellion

NYers reacting to Glorious Revolution by arresting Dominion officials and establishing a new government under | Jacob Leisler – When English restored power it led to factions: Loyalists and Patriots

Enlightenment

European movement focused on logic, reason, and science

Political Thinkers

Applied Enlightenment principles to government: Locke, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Volitaire, and Rousseau

Deism

Enlightened belief that God was like a clock maker setting the world in motion but that is it

Jeremiads

Sermons of despair evidencing a decline in religious piety

Half-Way Contract

Incentive program drawing people back to the Puritan/Congregational Church by giving partial membership

The Great Awakening

Religious revival caused by colonization: isolated ad scattered communities; salvation through personal relationship with God; no need for organized church or authority: Old lights and New lights

Johnathan Edwards

Puritan minister in the Great Awakening- Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God

George Whitefield

Methodist minister that toured the colonies during the Great Awakening in open air tent revivals