UNIT 4_ APUSH Chapter 10 (Part 1) - Give Me Liberty by Eric Foner

Andrew Jackson

7th President of the United States (1829-1837), known for his populist policies that appealed to the common man. His presidency was marked by significant events such as the implementation of the Indian Removal Act, which led to the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans along the Trail of Tears, as well as his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States that reflected his distrust of centralized banking. Jackson's strong leadership style and use of the presidential veto established a precedent for future presidents, emphasizing the power of the executive branch.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Legislation that facilitated the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Nullification Crisis (1832)

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over tariff laws, raising issues about states' rights.

Bank War

Jackson's opposition to the Second Bank of the United States, viewing it as corrupt and favoring the wealthy, leading to its eventual closure.

Market Revolution

A transformation toward a market-oriented economy in the early 19th century that altered social structures, labor practices, and daily life.

Abolitionism

Movement aimed at ending slavery and promoting social equality for African Americans, gaining momentum in the 19th century.

Second Party System

The political competition between the Democratic Party and the Whigs in the early 19th century.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leader in the women’s rights movement, known for her role in organizing the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and leading abolitionist advocating for emancipation and equal rights for African Americans.

Expansion of Democracy

The increase in political participation characterized by the extension of suffrage and emergence of political parties during the early 19th century.

What is the Panic of 1819?

he Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States, characterized by a severe economic recession, bank failures, and a significant drop in agrarian prices.

What is Democracy in America?

"Democracy in America" is a seminal work written by French political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville, published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the social, political, and cultural effects of democracy on American society in the early 19th century. Tocqueville examines the principles of democracy, the role of social equality, and the impact of individualism on American life. He contrasts American democracy with European aristocracy, highlighting the advantages and potential dangers of democratic governance, such as the tyranny of the majority. The work is widely regarded as a classic in social science for its insights into democracy, civil society, and the balance between liberty and equality.

What is the American System?

A national economic plan proposed by Henry Clay that aimed to foster economic growth and independence through internal improvements, a national bank, and tariffs.

What are internal improvements?

Federal projects, like roads and canals, aimed at enhancing the infrastructure of the United States.

What is the Second Bank of the United States?

The second federally chartered bank in the U.S., established in 1816 to stabilize the economy and manage currency.

What was McCulloch v. Maryland?

A landmark Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority by ruling that states could not tax the Second Bank of the United States.

What was the Force Act?

Legislation passed in 1833 that authorized the president to use military force to collect tariffs.

What was the Bank War?

A political battle between President Andrew Jackson and supporters of the Second Bank of the United States over the bank's rechartering.

What was the Indian Removal Act?

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory.

What was Worcester v. Georgia?

A Supreme Court case in 1832 that ruled that states did not have the authority to impose regulations on Native American land.

What are pet banks?

State banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus government funds during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

What was the South Carolina Exposition and Protest?

A document written by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations, arguing for the nullification of federal laws by states.

What is the distinction between Hard vs. Soft ?

Hard money refers to currency backed by physical commodities (like gold), while soft money refers to currency that is not backed by a physical commodity.

Who was Henry Clay?

A prominent American politician and statesman who was a key proponent of the American System and served as Speaker of the House.

What was the Panic of 1837?

A financial crisis triggered by a decline in cotton prices, bank failures, and the collapse of land prices, leading to widespread unemployment.

Who were the Whigs?

A political party formed in the 1830s in opposition to Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party, advocating for commercial and industrial interests.

What are (Noble?) Savages?

A term used to describe the romanticized view of Native Americans as living in harmony with nature and possessing noble qualities.

What is egalitarianism?

The belief in equality for all people, especially in political and social rights.

Who was Nick Biddle?

The president of the Second Bank of the United States who played a significant role in the Bank War against President Jackson.

What is King Andrew?

A derogatory term used by opponents of Andrew Jackson, suggesting he acted like a king in his use of presidential power.

Who was the Dashing John C. Calhoun?

A notable American politician who was a strong proponent of states' rights and played a critical role in the nullification crisis.

Who was Roger Taney?

Roger Taney (1777-1864) served as the fifth Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1836 until his death. He is best known for his ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), where the Court decided that African Americans, free or enslaved, could not be U.S. citizens. This decision fueled tensions surrounding slavery and contributed to the lead-up to the Civil War. Taney also played a significant role in the Bank War, supporting President Andrew Jackson’s efforts to eliminate the Second Bank of the United States, which led to economic turmoil. His legacy is contentious due to his pro-slavery rulings and beliefs that have been heavily criticized in history.

Who was Alexis de Tocqueville?

A French political thinker and historian best known for his works on American democracy and society.

What is King Mob?

A phrase used to describe the populist nature of Andrew Jackson's presidency, reflecting his support from the common people.

What is nullification?

The theory that states have the right to invalidate any federal law they deem unconstitutional.

What is the Tariff of Abominations?

A highly protective tariff passed in 1828 that increased tensions between the North and South, leading to the nullification crisis.

Who are the Five Civilized Tribes?

Five Native American nations (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) that were considered 'civilized' and adopted various aspects of European-American culture.

Who was Old Tippecanoe?

A nickname for William Henry Harrison, used during his presidential campaign and referring to his military victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

What was the Log Cabin Campaign?

The presidential campaign strategy used by William Henry Harrison in 1840 to portray him as a man of the common people.

What is the spoils system?

The practice of a political party giving government jobs to its supporters as a reward for electoral support.