CPU Structure & Instruction Flashcards

What is the CPU instruction cycle

The repeated process of fetch, decode, execute, memory access, and registry write-back

What is fetch?

The process of retrieving an instruction from memory to be executed by CPU.

What is decode?

The control unit interprets the instruction and determines the required actions.

what is registery write-back?

The CPU stores the result of execution back into a register of memory.

What are CPU registers?

Small,fast storage locations inside the CPU used to hold data and instructions.

What is the program counter(PC)?

Register that stores the memory address of the next locations.

What is structural hazard?

When hardware resources are insufficient to execute instructions simultaneously.

What is data hazard?

When an instruction depends on the results of a previous instruction.

What is pipeline hazard?

A aituations that prevents the next instruction from executing in the correct style.

What is instruction level of parallelism?

Executing multiple instructions simultaneously to increase performance.

What is the 3 types of processor?

Single core processor

Dual-core processors

Quad-core processor

What is single core processor?

The single-core CPU, used in the 1970s, has only one core that can execute one operation at a time, making it unsuitable for multitasking.

What is dual-core processor?

Have two cores on a single chip ,each with is own cache and controller, working together for faster performance than single-core CPUs.

What is quad-core processors?

Contain four independent cores on one chip, allowing higher performance and faster program execution without increasing clock speed.

What is latency in CPU performance?

The time required to complete a single instruction.

What is branch prediction?

A technique where the CPU guesses the outcome of a branch to reduce delays.

What is RISC architecture?

A CPU design using simple instructions executed in one clock cycle.

What is branch prediction?

A technique where the CPU guesses the outcome of a branch to reduce delays.

What is clock speed in a CPU?

The numbers of cycles the CPU can execute per second, measured in Ghz.

What is CISC architecture?

A CPU design that uses complex instructions requiring multiple cycles.