C172M PPL flight test ground

What is Vx

68 mph best angle climb (highest altitude shortest distance)

What is Vy

Best Rate climb 90 mph (highest altitude shortest time)

What happens to vx and vy when weight decreases

Decreases

What is Vfe

maximum speed flaps extended shown as the top of the white arc

What is Vs

Stall speed flaps up 57 mph

What is Vso

Stall speed flaps down 40deg 49 mph

What is maneuvering speed (Va)

Maneuvering speed is maximum speed where full abrupt deflection of any control surfaces would stall first before causing any structural damages. Speed is 112mph at max gross (2300lbs)

how does Va change with weight

Va decreases with a decrease of weight. Because Va is related to stall speed > lower weight > less lift/lower AOA > lower stall speed. Higher weigjt > increase lift/higher AOA > higher stall speed

whats the difference between utility and normal category?

Utility category differ from normal since it:

1. Allows Maximum and positive and negative Gs max to be higher, min to be lower in utility,

2. max gross weight is lower (more restrictive)

3. Steep turns above 60 degrees allowed and spins.

What is max Positive and negative Gs in normal category

What is max Positive and negative Gs in utility category

How will forward c.g. Impact stall speed and other effects

1. Higher Stall speed

   (because more weight in front > plane want to tip forward > horizontal stabilizer corrects with more downforce/negative lift > total downwards force is higher to equalize > more lift is required > higher angle of attack > higher stall speed)

2. High stability: Recovery characteristics are better

3. Heavy controls

4. Lower Endurance

How will rearward c.g. Impact stall speed and other effects

1. Lower Stall speed

   (because less weight in front > plane needs less horizontal stabiliser downforce/negative lift > total downwards force is lower > less lift is required > lower angle of attack > lower stall speed)

2. Low stability: Recovery characteristics are worse could enter unrecoverable situations like flat spin

3. Light controls

4. Higher Endurance

What are power driven day vfr equipement requirements

What are power driven night vfr equipment

What are the out of phase items and requirements to be airworthy

What is empty weight

1. Includes weight of the aircraft (engine, airframe, standard equipement, unusable fuel)

• Full fluids (brakes, oil, etc)

• And any optional equipment

Whats the difference of zero fuel weight, maximum takeoff weight, maximum ramp weight, zero fuel weight?

• Zero fuel weight is basic empty weight plus passengers and baggage but no fuel

• Maximum takeoff is maximum takeoff weight approved to takeoff listed in poh

• Maximum ramp weight can be higher that takeoff if noted in poh since burn off during taxi

What can be found on weight and balance report not found anywhere else

• Amount of full oil

• Unusable fuel amount

• Date of manufacture of the aircraft

Where can weight and balance be found

Weight and balance report and journey logbook

What documents are requiredd to be carried on board

A - certificate Airworthiness (flight authority)

R - Registration

O - pOh

W - Weight and balance report

J - Journey Logbook (if intended to land and shutdown at different aerodrome than departure)

I - Insurance

L - Licenses: ROC-A, Medical, PPL

What invalidates a C of A

1. Failure to comply with Airworthiness Directives (ADs)

2. An unresolved maintenance (Snag)

3. Failure to do required maintenance at required intervals, unless extended

4. Any action that exceeds poh limitations

5. A minor or major accident

What is the maintenance schedule

Utilises the cessna progressive care program. Its a 200hr total air time split into 4 operations (50hrs each)

What revalidates C of A

Continuous’y performing maintenance required including out of phase items

Steps to determine if aircraft is airworthy

1. Schedules and unscheduled Maintenance have been completed and released

2. Remaining air time

3. Compass swing in last year

4. ELT certified in last year (operational check or performance)

5. Pitot static has been certified in last 2 years (required for ifr or vfr class B)

How do you know poh is correct for your aircraft

in first few pages of POH

1. Registration

2. Serial number

   should match the aircraft certificate of registration

What invalidates C of R

The C of R becomes invalid if one of theses:

i. Ownership changes

ii. Address change

iii. Aircraft destroyed or taken out of service permanently

iv. Registration mark changes with change of ownership

v. Sold/exported

What is included in Certificate of Registration

1. Nationality

2. call sign (registration mark)

3. Aircraft manufacturer

4. Model/Make and serial number

5. Purpose

6. Name and adress of owner

7. Issue date

8. Signature from TC

What are the criterias of a stable approach

How does pressure alt and density alt effect climb

Low pressure ALT and low density ALT give better performance.

High pressure gives lowers PALT

Low temps give low DALT

What factors worsen climb

1. Heat (hot day): high DALT

2. Low pressure: high PALT

3. High relative humidity

What is the purpose of oil

To

1. Lubricate

2. Clean

3. Cool

4. Seal

What are the 4 strokes of engine

1. Intake

2. Compression

3. Power

4. Exhaust

Draw and explain carburetor

Describe the electrical system

The aircraft has a 12 v battery that supplies the electrical systems to things like flaps, radios, lights, turn coordinator, etc. It is recharged in flight by the 14v alternator with the rotation of the engine. It has a voltage regulator with circuit breakers to avoid over voltage

What privileges does your ppl give you

To act as PIC in a naturally aspirated single engine aircraft and fly passengers

What are the currency requirements

What is the medical requirement for ppl

Category 3 medical

Under 40 years old: Every 5 years

Over 40 years old: every 2 years

Explain/draw vacuum system

The suction system is an engine-driven vacuum system that provides suction to operate the attitude indicator and directional indicator. Air is drawn through the vacuum system air filter and instruments by the engine-driven vacuum pump. A vacuum relief valve regulates the system suction, and the suction gauge indicates the available suction in inches of mercury. The normal suction range is 4.6–5.4 in. Hg; if suction is below this range, the attitude and directional indicators should not be considered reliable

What is recommended normal cruise setting

65% to 75% bhp

What is winterization kit and when to use it?

The winterization kit is an approved set of covers or baffles used in cold-weather operation (continuously under -7 C) to help the engine reach and maintain its proper operating temperature. It restricts some of the airflow through the engine compartment, allowing the engine to warm up more effectively.

What engine do you have

Naturally aspirated horizontal opposed Lycoming O-320-E2D engine rated at 150 hp at 2700 rpm