IB Geography Periglacial Landforms and Processes

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8 Terms

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Solifluction
Slow downslope movement of soil in cold regions due to freezing and thawing, forms lobes
Slow downslope movement of soil in cold regions due to freezing and thawing, forms lobes
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Ice Heave
Ice crystals expand and force soil up
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Ice Wedges
Water gets into a small crack, expands and grows every year with freeze-thaw, forms ice-wedge polygons
Water gets into a small crack, expands and grows every year with freeze-thaw, forms ice-wedge polygons
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Thermokarst
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice blocks, irregular pits and depressions develop by thaw settlement
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Permafrost
Soil, regolith, bedrock that is below 0°

Continuous, discontinuous, or sporadic

25% of exposed land in the Northern Hemisphere

Active layer that freezes and thaws with seasons
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Impacts of Melting Permafrost
* Ecosystem damage → habitats, lakes disappear
* Infrastructure damage → roads, houses, pipes
* Landslides → loose debris
* Coastal erosion
* Methane
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Pingos
* Conspicuous conical mound or circular hill, with a core of ice, found on tundra where permafrost is present
* Form under initially frozen lakes (closed system) or by groundwater forcing through permafrost (open system)
* Conspicuous conical mound or circular hill, with a core of ice, found on tundra where permafrost is present
* Form under initially frozen lakes (closed system) or by groundwater forcing through permafrost (open system)
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Patterned Ground
* Polygons, stone circles, stripes
* Freeze-thaw cycles → frost heave
* active layer freezes → ice crystals develop → increases volume of soil → frost heave (hydrostatic pressure) → forms small domes on surface
* stones → lower specific heat capacity → expand further → push up → fall forming circles or stripes
* Polygons, stone circles, stripes
* Freeze-thaw cycles → frost heave
* active layer freezes → ice crystals develop → increases volume of soil → frost heave (hydrostatic pressure) → forms small domes on surface
* stones → lower specific heat capacity → expand further → push up → fall forming circles or stripes