IB Geography Periglacial Landforms and Processes

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Solifluction

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8 Terms

1

Solifluction

Slow downslope movement of soil in cold regions due to freezing and thawing, forms lobes

<p>Slow downslope movement of soil in cold regions due to freezing and thawing, forms lobes</p>
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2

Ice Heave

Ice crystals expand and force soil up

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3

Ice Wedges

Water gets into a small crack, expands and grows every year with freeze-thaw, forms ice-wedge polygons

<p>Water gets into a small crack, expands and grows every year with freeze-thaw, forms ice-wedge polygons</p>
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4

Thermokarst

Thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice blocks, irregular pits and depressions develop by thaw settlement

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5

Permafrost

Soil, regolith, bedrock that is below 0ยฐ

Continuous, discontinuous, or sporadic

25% of exposed land in the Northern Hemisphere

Active layer that freezes and thaws with seasons

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6

Impacts of Melting Permafrost

  • Ecosystem damage โ†’ habitats, lakes disappear

  • Infrastructure damage โ†’ roads, houses, pipes

  • Landslides โ†’ loose debris

  • Coastal erosion

  • Methane

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7

Pingos

  • Conspicuous conical mound or circular hill, with a core of ice, found on tundra where permafrost is present

  • Form under initially frozen lakes (closed system) or by groundwater forcing through permafrost (open system)

<ul><li><p>Conspicuous conical mound or circular hill, with a core of ice, found on tundra where permafrost is present</p></li><li><p>Form under initially frozen lakes (closed system) or by groundwater forcing through permafrost (open system)</p></li></ul>
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8

Patterned Ground

  • Polygons, stone circles, stripes

  • Freeze-thaw cycles โ†’ frost heave

  • active layer freezes โ†’ ice crystals develop โ†’ increases volume of soil โ†’ frost heave (hydrostatic pressure) โ†’ forms small domes on surface

  • stones โ†’ lower specific heat capacity โ†’ expand further โ†’ push up โ†’ fall forming circles or stripes

<ul><li><p>Polygons, stone circles, stripes</p></li><li><p>Freeze-thaw cycles โ†’ frost heave</p></li><li><p>active layer freezes โ†’ ice crystals develop โ†’ increases volume of soil โ†’ frost heave (hydrostatic pressure) โ†’ forms small domes on surface</p></li><li><p>stones โ†’ lower specific heat capacity โ†’ expand further โ†’ push up โ†’ fall forming circles or stripes</p></li></ul>
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