AP World History - Ultimate Guide (copy)

The Global Tapestry

A phrase used to describe the complex interactions and developments in cultures and civilizations across the globe after the collapse of classical civilizations.

Religious Mysticism

A focus within religions on achieving closeness to the divine through practices like prayer and meditation.

Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)

(1) All life is suffering, (2) Suffering is caused by desire, (3) Freedom from desire is possible, (4) Following the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of desire.

Theravada Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism emphasizing meditation and simplicity, seeing nirvana as the renunciation of consciousness and self.

Mahayana Buddhism

A more complex branch of Buddhism that incorporates greater rituals and offers spiritual comfort.

Christianity

A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, emphasizing devotion to God and love for others.

Confucianism

A philosophical system founded by Confucius, focusing on restoring social and political order through fundamental relationships.

Hinduism

A major world religion that believes in a supreme force called Brahma, and emphasizes dharma, karma, and the caste system.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, emphasizing submission to Allah and the following of the Five Pillars.

The Ottoman Empire

A powerful Islamic state founded by Osman Bey, that spread across parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, particularly flourished during the reign of Suleiman I.

Feudalism

A hierarchical social system in medieval Europe where land was divided among lords who provided military service to the king in exchange.

Nation-State Emergence

The transition from feudal kingdoms to states defined by linguistic and cultural identity, prominent in the late Middle Ages.

Song Dynasty

A period in Chinese history known for its cultural and technological advancements, lasting from 960 to 1279.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Americas and Europe starting in the 15th century.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through a favorable balance of trade.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries focusing on reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority, particularly the church.

American Revolution

The conflict between American colonists and Great Britain leading to the independence of the United States in 1776.

Mao Zedong

The founding father of the People's Republic of China and leader of the Chinese Communist Party, known for implementing radical reforms and policies.

Cold War

The state of political hostility and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, characterized by trade, investment, and cultural exchange.