Labs Exam 1 (WBC : Pre-Albumin)

WBC (White Blood Cell Count)

Measures the total WBC's per cubic millimeter of blood

CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Routine serum study that consists of several lab values [RBC, (HCT, pcv, crit), HGB]

RBC (Red Blood Count)

Measures the number of RBC's/mm^3 in the blood

Hematocrit (HCT, pcv, crit)

Measures the percent, by volume, of RBC's in whole blood

Hemoglobin (HGB)

Measures the amount of hgb in the blood

What does a CBC consist of?

RBC, HCT, pcv, crit

Platelet Count

Part of the CBC, Measures the number of platelets/mm^3 in the blood

Where do platelets form? Where do they function?

Formed in bone marrow and Function in blood coagulation

What is a platelet's life span?

7 days

Urinalysis

Midstream urine sample and consist of the pH, Specific Gravity, Protein, Sugar, Ketones, Nitrites

pH (urinalysis)

Measures acidity of alkalinity of urine

Specific Gravity (urinalysis)

Measures concentration of urine, relative to the density of water

Protein (urinalysis)

Measures amount of protein in urine

Sugar (urinalysis)

Measures amount of sugar in urine

Ketones (urinalysis)

Measures amount of sugar in urine

Nitrites (urinalysis)

Detects conversion of nitrate to nitrite by bacteria. May indicate presence of bacteria in urine.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Measures amount of urea nitrogen in blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism formed by liver and excreted by kidneys.

Creatinine (Cr, creat)

Measures the breakdown product of muscle creatine phosphate. More sensitive measure of renal dysfunction than BUN alone.

BUN:Cr ratio

Used to differentiate pre-renal, renal, and post-renal failures

Pre-Albumin

Used to determine nutritional status, specifically adequate protein intake

Serum Cholesterol (total)

Cholesterol is essential for production of bile and steroids, component of cell membranes, and synthesized by the liver.

Serum Triglycerides

Most abundant fats in serum. They come from animal fat and vegetable oils.

Increased WBC indicates/due to?

Infection

Decreased WBC indicates/due to?

Bone marrow depression from drugs (chemotherapy, radiation, disease)

Increased CBC indicates/due to?

Polycythemia, Erythropoietin and/or Loss of body fluids can cause a relative rise in HCT

Decreased CBC indicates/due to?

Conditions causing a loss/destruction of RBC's, Pregnancy, Over hydration (HCT), Sickle Cell Anemia (HGB)

Increased Platelet Count indicates/due to?

Malignant Tumors or High Altitude

Decreased Platelet Count indicates/due to?

Decreased production, Severe hemorrhage, Sepsis

Increased Urinalysis indicates/due to?

Alkalosis, Dehydration (specific gravity), Severe Stress & PIH (Protein), Glycosuria (Sugar), Diabetes (ketones), UTI (Nitrites)

Decreased Urinalysis indicates/due to?

Acidosis, Diluted Urine due to diuretics, Increased fluid intake, Diabetes insipidus

Increased BUN indicates/due to?

Kidney Disease, Decreased Renal Perfusion (shock, heart failure), Dehydration, High Protein Diet

Decreased BUN indicates/due to?

Over hydration, Pregnancy, Liver Failure, SIADH, Malnutrition/Malabsorption

Increased Cr, creat indicates/due to?

Anything that impairs renal function (burns, infections, etc), Muscle Disorders

Decreased Cr, creat indicates/due to?

Muscle Atrophy

Increased BUN:Cr ratio indicates/due to?

Catabolic States, CHF, Dehydration

Decreased BUN:Cr ratio indicates/due to?

Pregnancy, Repeated Dialysis

Increased Serum Cholesterol indicates/due to?

Diet high in cholesterol and fats, Genetic Hyperlipidemia Disorders, Liver Disease with Biliary Obstruction, Pancreatic Dysfunction, Poorly Controlled DM

Decreased Serum Cholesterol indicates/due to?

Hyperthyroidism, Malnutrition, Liver Damage that prevents liver from manufacturing cholesterol

Increased Serum Triglycerides indicates/due to?

Nephrotic Syndrome, Pancreatitis, DM, Hypothyroidism, High Fats or ETOH levels

Decreased Serum Triglycerides indicates/due to?

Rare Genetic Defects/Severe Malnutrition

Increased Pre-Albumin indicates/due to?

Kidney Disease, Pregnancy

Decreased Pre-Albumin indicates/due to?

Liver Dysfunction, AIDS, Malnutrition