AP World Unit 7

Sun Yat Sen

Sun Yat Sen

_______ was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the "Father of Modern China" for his role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and founding the Republic of China.

• Western Educated

• Enlightened Liberal

• Nationalist for HAN Chinese

Revive China Society

A secret organization founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1894, aimed at overthrowing the Qing dynasty and __________ China.

Guomindong 1894

A political party founded by Sun Yat Sen in 1912 in China.

• Supported Westernization/modernization

Serfdom

• No inovation because of Serdom

• Serfdom was a feudal system where peasants, known as _______, were bound to work on a lord's land in exchange for protection and a place to live.

Brest Livosk Treaty

A peace treaty signed in 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia's involvement in World War I.

February Revolution

The ___________ Revolution was a series of events in Russia in 1917 that led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government.

Mensheviks

• Moderate Liberals, constitution and there are some elites

• Definition: The __________ were a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party who advocated for a gradual transition to socialism through peaceful means.

Bolsheviks

• Vladamir Lenin, (leninism-communist) + NO more wealthy

• Lenism - oppression by fuedal elites and the CZAR = revolution

• faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which led the October Revolution of 1917, establishing a communist government in Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

October Revolution 1917

Bolsheviks kill the Czar

Rurales

killing local officales against Diaz

Centrifico

Centrifico is a term used to describe a company that is at the center of its industry, leading in innovation and setting trends.

industrialization in Mexico for cheap labor

Ejidos

historical native farms to indigenous

Francisco Madero

• tries to run against Diaz, and attempts to run military but Diaz wins and declares unanimous victory

• Francisco Madero was a Mexican revolutionary and president who led the overthrow of dictator Porfirio Díaz in the Mexican Revolution.

Emiliano Zapata (SOUTH)

wants to restore communial ownership (ejidos)

foreigners can’t own land

states owns the resources underneath the land (helps prevent neocoloniaism)

Pancho Villa (NORTH)

also wants to remove Diaz from power

Militarism

new deadly tech at a mass scale as the result of industrialization

• tanks, cannons, grenades, submarines like the U-Boat (germany) and allowed germany to gain full atlantic control

Alliances

mutual defense pact — everyone has to support you

Triple Entente - Britain France, Russia

Allies - Britain, France, USA

Central Powers - Germany, Austro-Hungaria and Ottoman

• they weren’t industrialized and dinm’t have a uniting mission to make them allies

Imperialism

fighting EU for open colonies

Indentured Servitude - soldiers instead of factory workers

soldiers from colonies would be promised freedom if they particpated (was not true)

Nationalism

competing and overlapping nations that would not allow states to co exist, and competition against other nations

Powder Keg

Nationalism blows up

A term used to describe a situation or place that could potentially explode into violence or conflict.

Isolationism

population demographics make joining a side tricky

• different EU immigrants

Germany makes the US join because they bombed a ship with over 100 americans

Zimmerman Telegram, Germany attempted to get Mexico and Japan to join and if they helped they would get the land that was stolen or colonized by the USA

Total War

everything is a target because they are apart of the cause and oppression

Trench Warfare

people would dig into the ground and kinda just live there but it was super unhygenic and led to a lot of sickness and disease

Mustard Gas - a chemical agent that would sink down and poison those in the trenches

Great Depression

1931

EU was struggling financially because all the debt to fund the war, usually was to the US

the stock market crashed becasue everyone panicked and sold their stocks

economies are interconnected so colonies and other trading nations were impacted

Treaty of Versailles

largest cause of WW2 and marked the end of WW1

• blamed germany for WW1

demands EU to pay war reperations to other EU countries, shrink their military, and give up theri colonies

League of Nations

The League of Nations was an international organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries.

Munich Agreement

A 1938 treaty allowing Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, signed by Germany, Italy, France, and ________.

Appeasement

________ is the policy of making concessions to a hostile power to avoid conflict, often criticized for emboldening aggressors.

Arab Revolt of 1916

The Arab Revolt of 1916 was a military ___________ initiated by Arab nationalists against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

• Who: Led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca with the support of T.E. Lawrence.

• What: Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.

• Where: Hejaz region of present-day Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

• When: 1916-1918 during World War I.

• Why: Arabs sought independence from Ottoman rule and were promised self-rule by the British in exchange for their support.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a secret 1916 deal between Britain and France to divide up the Middle East into spheres of influence after World War I, ultimately leading to the redrawing of borders in the region.

• Date: May 1916

• Parties involved: UK, France, Russia

• Secret agreement

• Division of Ottoman Empire territories

• Influence on modern Middle East borders

Lebenstraum

“living space” for Germans

• restores a colonial empire

Reichstag