SCITECH - INFORMATION AGE

When was Information Technology first used?

In 1958 in a Harvard Business Review Article.

What are the three categories of Information Technology?

• Processing Technique.

• Application of statistics and math in decision making.

• Simulating higher order thinking through computer programs.

What were the limitation of communication?

• Distance.

• Time.

• Location.

How did the Information Revolution address the limitations of communication?

Language, writing, and printing was invented.

How did people communicate historically?

• Drum Roles.

• Fire Signals.

• Hand Signals.

• Pigeons.

• Flags.

• Papyrus.

What are the inventions of the First Information Revolution?

• Telegraph.

• Telephone.

• Radio.

Who developed the first operational model of the telegraph?

Samuel Morse.

When was the telegraph patented?

1940.

When was the telegraph put into use?

1945.

What historical event did the telegraph play a big role in?

American Civil War.

Who developed the telephone?

Johann Philp Reis.

Who was credited for the invention of the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell.

When was the telephone invented?

1876.

Who invented the radio?

Guglielmo Marconi.

What was the drawbacks of Marconi’s telephone?

It could only send morse code.

Who discovered how to send voice and music through sound?

Reginald Fessenden.

What was widely used by the military during the World Wars?

Radios.

What were the inventions of the Second Information Revolution?

• Television.

• Early Generation Computers.

  • Satellites.

When was the television developed?

1920s.

The television was a collaboration between who?

Farnsworth, Zworykin, and Dumont.

What did Farnsworth contribute to the television?

Inventing the process of image scanning.

What did Zworykin contribute to the television?

The iconoscope tube and the kinescope television tube.

What did Dumont contribute to the television?

The receiver picture table.

What was the reason for the development of early computers?

The military had needs that needed to be addressed.

Who was credited for the first electronic digital computer?

John Vincent Atanasoff.

When was the creation of the first electronic digital computer?

1939.

Who developed the first working digital computer?

Alan Turing.

What was the first working digital computer called?

Colossus.

What does ENIAC stand for?

Electronical Numerical Integrator and Calculator.

Who developed the ENIAC?

J. Presper Eckert and John Maulchy.

When was the ENIAC developed?

1946.

What was the drawback of the ENIAC?

It used vacuum tubes which caused overheating.

How was the overheating of the ENIAC addressed?

The development of transistors.

Who developed transistors?

William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen.

What was the basis for second-generation computers?

Transistors.

What led to the development of third-generation computers?

Integrated circuits.

What was the purpose of satellites?

To transmit telephone and television signals on a global scale.

What was the first artificial satellite?

Sputnik 1.

What was the start of the Space Age in the US?

The development of satellites.

What was the first military satellite?

SCORE.

What does SCORE stand for?

Signal Communications by Orbiting Relay Equipment.

When was SCORE developed?

1958.

What were satellites initially used for?

It was used for military purposes.

What was the first civilian telecommunications satellite?

Syncom III.

Who developed Syncom III?

NASA.

What was the first commercial communications satellite?

Inter Sat I; Early Bird.

When was the Early Bird launched?

1965.

Who developed the Early Bird?

Hughes Aircraft Company, presently known as Boeing Satellite.

What were the inventions of the Third Information Revolution?

• Semiconductors.

• Computers.

• Fiber Optics.

• Cellular Technology.

• Advanced Networking.

• Digital Technology.

What advantage did semiconductors bring?

It increased memory storage.

How were Fourth Generation computers made possible?

Computer chips.

What generation are supercomputers in?

Fifth Generation.

What type of wires were used for cable before?

Copper Wire or Coaxial Calves.

What was the limitations of using copper wires for cable?

It was prone to leakage and can experience unstable signals.

What are fiber optics?

Glass fibers that can carry information from one source to another?

What was developed due to the hard-to-carry transmitters?

Cellular phones.

When was the start of the widespread use of cellular phones?

1970s.

What is the largest form of advanced network?

INTERNET.

Why were digital transmissions developed?

To have more efficient and effective communication.

What was discovered through the development of digital transmissions?

Digital compression.

What signals do digital transmissions use?

Binary.