AP Euro Renaissance Europe

Renaissance

-Means "rebirth" in French

Classical

-Relating to ancient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture

Secularism

-Development of humanism, when people began to show more interest in human cultural achievements and the possibilities of their fulfillment in this world

Vernacular

-Native language/dialect

Patron/Patronage

-Wealthy supporter of the arts, provided money, supplies and place to live for artists

Medics (Lorenzo the Magnificent)

-Italian statesman/scholar/patron

Florence, Italy

-City-state that was the center of banking, trade and manufacturing

Humanism

-Emphasized human potential to attain excellence and promoted direct study of the literature, art, and civilization of classical Greece and Rome

"Renaissance Man"

-A person (genius) who knows about science, politics...

Liberal Arts

-Academic subjects (literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences) as distinct from professional and technical subjects.

Petrarch

-"Father of Humanism"

Baldassare Castiglione

"The Book of the Courtier"

Pico della Mirandola

"Oration on the Dignity of Man"

Lorenzo Valla and "Donation of Constantine"

-Challenged the authority of the papacy over territory

Niccolo Machiavelli - "The Prince"

Modern political advice on how to stabilize a region using fear and love.

chiaroscuro & sfumato

The treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting

The technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.

Fresco

-Painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries

Classicism

movement in art that brought back classic ideas from Ancient Rome/Ancient Greece

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect

Botticelli

Birth of Venus

Michelangelo

Painted the Sistine Chapel

Raphael

-Famous for his tender Madonnas and great fresco in the School of Athens

Northern Renaissance

-More concerned w/ technology and personal morality; Began later than Italian Renaissance (1450); France, England, Germany... emphasized more on religion than Italian Renaissance did

Erasmus

-Dutch scholar and philosopher critical of wealth and excesses of the church; Netherlands | Northern humanist who tried to fuse classical ideas with Christian virtues

Printing press

Created by Johannes Gutenberg

"New Monarch"

-Rulers of England, Spain, France emphasized royal majesty; Centralized taxation

Habsburg-Valois Wars

Spain vs. France

Vasco da Gama

-1st European to sail all the way to Asia (India)

Conquistador

-"conquerors" primarily interested in gold (but later silver)

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

-An agreement that confirmed Portugal's right to the Eastern route to the Indies, and any land east of a fixed imaginary line that entitled Portugal to Brazil