Unit 2 - WW1 & Progressive Era

Women’s suffrage

• The desire for women to have the right to vote.

• Carrie Chapman Catt was president of NAWSA and devised the “Winning Plan” to lobby and go state by state, avoiding those deemed hopeless (the south).

• Alice Paul focused on radical tactics like hunger strikes & White House pickets

17th Amendment

Expanded democracy by allowing people to choose U.S. senators instead of state legislators choosing them

Election Reform

• Direct Primary - The voting of who will run in the election. Gave citizens more power in politics, reduced corruption of political machines, and increase of decision making.

• Initiative - Political process that allowed citizens to propose legislation by popular vote

• Referendum - Tool allowed citizens to approve/reject new legislation

• Recall - A device that allowed public to convince political officer before end of term

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policy program to equal out economy and help give smaller businesses a chance at expanding

Food and Drug reform

The Pure Food and Drug Act, as well as the Meat Inspection Act banned the use of harsh chemicals in food and drug products, established the FDA

Environment reform

Theodore Roosevelt created America’s National Parks by establishing the U.S. Forest Service and defending conservation philosophy

Urban reform

• Introducing of city managers/commissions halted spread of slums and developed prettier cities.

• Fire safety codes and safer workplace conditions established. 

• Building codes mandated 1 bathroom for ever three rooms as well as some sort of access to open air (windows) in every room

Monroe Doctrine

Warned European nations (powers) NOT to colonize or interfere in Western Hemisphere. Any attempt would be viewed as hostile towards U.S.  

Acquisition of Hawaii

Became military base and a refueling stop for naval ships going to the Philippines. Later, traded through it. Whaling provided oil for machinery. Christians wanted to share their religion through the islands.

Open Door Policy

A policy to ensure all nations had equal commercial opportunities in China, preventing any one power from monopolizing trade and respecting China’s territorial and administrative integrity.

Yellow Journalism

overexagerating the story to get a reaction (Herst & Pulitzer)

Platt Amendment

An amendment that forbade Cubans from having any power unless they gave the U.S> power over all affairs, laws, coaling and naval docks, and international relations, Cuba was also prohibited from weakening themselves by accumulating debt or selling land, 

Roosevelt Corollary vs. Dollar Diplomacy

• Roosevelt Corollary - established that if Latin American countries’ governments refused to pay it’s debts or could otherwise not perform gov. duties, it was the U.S. duty to intervene (take over the government).

• Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy - engaging in Latin American businesses by forcing them to rely on American businessmen, not European or otherwise 

Panama Canal

Panama became a protectorate under hte control of the U.S. The canal was owned solely by the U.S., allowing for greater security of the U.S., as well as control over some territory in Central America

Causes of U.S. entering WW1

Sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, Russia’s Revolution/withdrawal from WW1, and American values (democracy)

Role of propaganda and music during WW1

Used to convince people to fight for the nation and develop a great sense of nationality. Also used to rally support from people and recruit them to the military. Influenced many to believe they were doing the right the thing. Supported soldier during the war and gave them hope of returning home. 

Role of US mobilization during WW1

Rationing food helped soldier fight well. War Revenue Act of 1917 deployed troops all over Europe. Woodrow was given lots of power so govt. ran smoothly

Wilson’s reason why the U.S. enter war

• Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

• Wilson’s sense of duty to protect democracy worldwide in a need to act for peace

• Defense of international seas

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty with League of Nations and Germany that ended World War 1. Forced Germany to pay reparations (33 billion), loss of external land (Saar R. Valley, Poland, city of Danzig, and Alsace-Lorraine), reduced their military and banned use of submarines. Germany refused to admit guilt.

Wilson’s 14 Point Plan

Prioritized re-ordering the world after war, ending the greed that led to war. It would allow national self-determination, fair terms of peace, justified punishment, free trade, and establish the League of Nations.