External Ethnicity Education

Bereiter and Engelmann

Black American families speak inadequately for success

Gillborn and Mirza

Indian pupils have a high attainment whilst speaking another language at home

Moynihan

Black families headed by women is a deprivation of care, agreed by Murry that lack of men lead to underachievement

Sewell

Lack of “Fatherly tough love” leads to high gang activity, opposite occurs for Asian families

Peer pressure from others limits success

Lupton

Parent/Child dynamic in Asian families mirror teacher/student authority

McCulloch

EM students aspire to uni more, whilst white fsm less with 2018 seeing only 19% attending uni

Driver

Strong black women serve as role models in families

Archer

Asian parents highly valued education with lots of investments and expectations

Evans

Brutal street culture in white w/c areas, school becomes the place where these power games get played out

Pryce

Asian culture promotes self-confidence whilst afro-carribean families don’t due to colonialism

Arnot

influence of “ultra-tough black ghetto star”, anti-school

Gillborn

Institutional racism has a higher impact than peer pressure

Palmer

½ of EM in Low income households, being 2x more unemployed

FSM stats

44.6% of Bangladeshi, 11.5% white, 9.5% Indian

Modood

EM parents have a higher cultural capital than white w/c

Mason

Continuous discrimination occurs for British EM

Rex

Discrimination leads to social exclusion, leading to poorer housing

Wood et al

1/16 EM applicants for jobs were offered positions, explains an economic disadvantage