WWW quiz #2

Absolute Monarchy

System where ruler holds total power (e.g., Louis XIV).

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic dynasty marking the Golden Age of Islam.

Adam Smith

Economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations; supported free markets.

African Slave Trade (Triangular Trade)

System linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Ayllus

Incan kin-based community units sharing land and labor.

Bartolomé de las Casas

Priest who criticized Spanish treatment of Native Americans.

Battle of Lepanto

1571 naval battle where Europeans defeated Ottoman fleet.

Bhakti Movement

Hindu devotional movement blending with Islamic ideas.

Bills of Exchange

Early European credit notes used for trade.

Black Death / Bubonic Plague

14th-century pandemic killing one-third of Europe.

Boers

Dutch farmers who settled in South Africa.

Bodhisattva

Enlightened being who delays nirvana to help others.

Boyars

Russian nobles with early influence before central monarchy.

British East India Company

English trade company that later ruled India.

Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)

Founder of Buddhism.

Buddhism

Religion teaching enlightenment through the Eightfold Path.

Calcutta

Major British trading port in India.

Calicut

Indian port city reached by Vasco da Gama.

Callpulli

Aztec clans that organized labor and land.

Candomblé

Afro-Brazilian religion mixing African and Catholic elements.

Cape Colony

Dutch colony in South Africa founded in 1652.

Catherine the Great

Russian empress who expanded and westernized Russia.

Caste System

Hindu social hierarchy based on birth and occupation.

Ferdinand of Aragon

Spanish monarch who funded Columbus.

Filial Piety

Respect for parents and elders.

Fluyt

Dutch cargo ship built for trade efficiency.

Flying Money

Early Chinese paper credit system.

Foot Binding

Chinese practice symbolizing beauty and social status.

Francisco Pizarro

Conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.

Galileo Galilei

Astronomer who used the telescope to prove heliocentrism.

Galleons

Spanish treasure ships transporting silver.

Genghis Khan

Founder of the Mongol Empire.

Ghana Empire

Early West African trade kingdom.

Glorious Revolution

Peaceful establishment of constitutional monarchy in England.

Gothic Architecture

Style with pointed arches and stained glass.

Grand Canal

Major waterway connecting northern and southern China.

Great Zimbabwe

Southern African trade city known for stone structures.

Guilds

Associations of craftsmen regulating trade.

Haciendas

Large Spanish estates producing goods for profit.

Hanseatic League

Trade alliance among Northern European cities.

Hangzhou

Song Dynasty capital and major trading port.

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who sponsored exploration.

Hernán Cortés

Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs.

Hinduism

Indian religion based on karma, dharma, and reincarnation.

Holy Roman Empire

Loose federation of Christian kingdoms in Europe.

Huancavelica

Source of mercury used in silver refining.

Middle Passage

Atlantic voyage enslaved Africans endured to the Americas.

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty that expelled Mongols and restored Han rule.

Mit'a System

Incan labor tax for public works.

Moctezuma II

Aztec emperor defeated by Cortés.

Monotheism

Belief in one God.

Mughal Empire

Muslim dynasty ruling most of India from 1500s-1700s.

Muhammad

Prophet and founder of Islam.

Neo-Confucianism

Blend of Confucianism with Buddhist ideas.

Parliament

English representative body limiting monarchy.

Parliamentary Monarchy

System with shared power between monarch and parliament.

Pastoral Societies

Nomadic groups based on animal herding.

Peninsulares

Spanish-born colonists living in the Americas.

Peter the Great

Russian czar who modernized and built St. Petersburg.

Petrarch

Father of Humanism; revived classical studies.

Potosí

Major silver-mining city in the Andes.

Protestant Reformation

Movement challenging Catholic authority.

Pure Land Buddhism

Popular Chinese Buddhist sect offering salvation.

Quipu (Khipu)

Incan record system using knotted cords.

Quran

Holy book of Islam.

Renaissance

European revival of learning and art (14th-17th centuries).

Romanovs

Russian dynasty (1613-1917).

Samurai

Warrior class in feudal Japan.

Scholasticism

Medieval method combining faith and reason.

Seljuk Turks

Nomadic Turks who controlled Islamic lands before Mongols.

Serfdom

System tying peasants to work the land of nobles.

Seven Years' War

Global war between European powers (1756-1763).

Shaka Zulu

Warrior who unified the Zulu tribes.

Shintoism

Indigenous religion of Japan.

Shogun

Military ruler of feudal Japan.

Silk Roads

Overland trade routes connecting China to the Mediterranean.

Sinification

Adoption of Chinese culture by neighbors.

Smallpox / Measles

Diseases brought by Europeans to the Americas.

Song Dynasty

Era of Chinese technological and cultural advancement.

Sufis

Islamic mystics who spread Islam peacefully.

Sundiata

Founder of the Mali Empire.

Sunni Islam

Branch of Islam supporting elected leaders.

Swahili Coast

East African trading cities blending African and Arab culture.

Tang Dynasty

Chinese dynasty marking a cultural golden age.

Tenochtitlan

Aztec capital built on Lake Texcoco.

Terracing

Mountain farming using step-like fields.

Theravada Buddhism

Conservative branch focused on monastic discipline.

Thirty Years' War

Religious war ending with Treaty of Westphalia.

Timur (Tamerlane)

Central Asian conqueror who revived Mongol invasions.

Timbuktu

African center of learning and trade.

Tokugawa Shogunate

Japanese military government (1603-1868).

Trans-Saharan Trade

Network trading gold and salt across Africa.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended Seven Years' War; Britain gained colonies.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided New World between Spain and Portugal.

Tribute System

Chinese foreign policy requiring states to show respect.

Túpac Amaru

Leader of Incan-inspired rebellion in Peru.

Ulama

Muslim scholars interpreting Islamic law.

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer who reached India by sea.

Vassal

Noble receiving land for loyalty in feudal Europe.

Versailles

Palace built by Louis XIV symbolizing royal power.