Pharmacognosy (101-200 questions)

Proverbs 16:3

A. Arbutin

Which of the following yield a phenolic compound as one of its products of hydrolysis:
A. Arbutin
B. Salicin
C. Glucovanillin
D. None of the choices

C. Tragacanth

Which of the following contains 60-70% of Bassorin:
A. Acacia
B. Indian gum
C. Tragacanth
D. Karaya gum

C. Saponins

It forms a colloidal solution in water that foams upon shaking, and destroys the RBC by hemolysis:
A. Tannins
B. Alkaloids
C. Saponins
D. Fats

A. Frangula-anthraquinone glycoside

Which of the following pairs is correct:
A. Frangula-anthraquinone glycoside
C. Senna-phenol glycoside
B. Aloe-saponin glycoside
D. Dioscorea-cyanophore glycoside

B. Strophanthus

Cardiac glycosides are obtained from:
A. Gamboges
B. Strophanthus
C. Opium
D. All of them
E. None of them

D. All of the choices

Based on the chemical nature of the aglycone, glycosides may be classified as:
A. Saponin-containing
C. Flavonoids
E. Phenolic
B. Cyanophoric
D. All of the choices

A. Digitalis

Anthraquinone glycosides are exemplified by the following, except:
A. Digitalis
B. Cascara sagrada
C. Frangula
D. Aloe
E. Rhubarb

A. Barbaloin

The principal anthraquinone glycoside of aloe is _:
A. Barbaloin
B. Aloin
C. Iso-barbaloin
D. Aloe emodin
E. None of them

D. Keratolytic

Use of chrysarobin:
A. Cathartic
B. Condiment
C. Flavorant
D. Keratolytic

A. Aglycone

Glycosides’ non-sugar moiety is called:
A. Aglycone
B. Agenin
C. Glucoside
D. Glycone

B. Heat

Glycosides can be hydrolyzed by:
A. Alcohol
B. Heat
C. Light
D. Water

A. Convallaria majalis

Lily of the valley is employed as cardiac stimulant, this is obtained from:
A. Convallaria majalis
B. Digitalis purpurea
C. Strophanthus gratus
D. Tinospora rumphi

C. Acrinylisothiocyanate

What is the pungent-tasting oil that is produced by the hydrolysis of Sinapis alba:
A. Mustard oil
B. Sinalbin
C. Acrinylisothiocyanate
D. Allylisothiocyanate

A. Onion

This plant is containing quercetin and used as antibiotic and antiseptic:
A. Onion
B. Garlic
C. Ginger
D. Weed

D. Coniferin - alcohol glycoside

Glycosides found in the cambial layer of Pine trees:
A. Vanillin
B. Coumarin
C. Sapogenin
D. Coniferin

B. Saponins

All belong to anthraquinone group of glycosides, except:
A. Anthranols
B. Saponins
C. Aloin-type
D. Oxanthrones

D. Anthraquinone

Borntrager test is used for the detection of:
A. Saponin
B. Alkaloid
C. Volatile oils
D. Anthraquinone

B. Coumarin

This is classified as lactone glycoside:
A. Santonin
B. Coumarin
C. Cantharidin
D. Arbutin

B. Myrosin

Sinigrin is hydrolyzed by the enzyme _:
A. Beta-amylase
B. Myrosin
C. Ptyalin
D. Emulsin

C. A & B

The product of amygdalin hydrolysis is/are:
A. Hydrocyanic acid
B. Benzaldehyde
C. A & B
D. None of them

D. Crosin

The active constituent of saffron is:
A. Myrosin
B. Sinigrin
C. Picrosin
D. Crosin

A. Cantharidin

_ is a vesicating principle from Spanish flies:
A. Cantharidin
B. Picrotoxin
C. Crocin
D. Picretin

D. Hypertension

Which of the following health problems could aggravate by increased consumption of large quantities of licorice:
A. Peptic ulcer
B. Addison’s disease
C. Gastric acidity
D. Hypertension

D. Proteins

Tannins have the ability to precipitate _ which is utilized in vegetable tanning which converts animal hides to leather:
A. Fats
B. Carbohydrates
C. Alkaloids
D. Proteins
E. Glycosides

D. Tannins

The mixtures of polyphenols that is difficult to crystallize:
A. Glycosides
B. Resins
C. Alkaloids
D. Tannins

A. Barks/stems

The usual source of tannins from plants is from the:
A. Barks/stems
B. Seeds
C. Roots
D. Rhizomes
E. All of these

A. They give a bluish to black color with ferric chloride

The following is/are the properties of non-hydrolysable tannins, except:
A. They give a bluish to black color with ferric chloride
B. They usually contain phloroglucinol nucleus in part
C. They are usually precipitated by bromine water TS
D. They yield catechol when heated

A. They give a dark green color with ferric chloride TS

The following is/are the properties of the hydrolysable tannins, except:
A. They give a dark green color with ferric chloride TS
B. Gallic acid when heated result to formation of pyrogallol
C. They yield no precipitate with bromine water TS
D. Pyrogallol give soluble compounds with lead acetate

B. Astringent

Generally accepted medicinal use of tannins:
A. Tanning of leather
C. Laboratory precipitant
B. Astringent
D. As ingredient in the preparation of ink

D. All of the choices

Hydrolyzable tannins are characterized as:
A. Yielding gallic acid when hydrolyzed
B. Turns bluish-black with Ferric chloride TS
C. Converted to pyrogallol on dried distillation
D. All of the choices
E. None of the choices

B. Precipitate protein

The most notable property of tannins utilized in the leather industry:
A. Denature proteins
B. Precipitate protein
C. Denature proteins and precipitate protein
D. None of the above

C. Phenolic

This is responsible for the astringent and antiseptic actions of tannin:
A. Aldehyde
B. Ketone
C. Phenolic
D. Carboxylic

B. Non-hydrolysable tannins decolorize potassium permanganate

The following are differences of hydrolysable from non-hydrolysable tannins, except:
A. Hydrolysable tannins form blue-black precipitates with ferric chloride
B. Non-hydrolysable tannins decolorize potassium permanganate
C. Hydrolysable tannins show no visible result with bromine water
D. None of the above choices

A. Alkaloid

Tannins is an effective antidote to _ poisoning:
A. Alkaloid
B. Phosphorous
C. Insecticide
D. Lead

B. Buchthorn bark

Another name for which frangula is known for is _:
A. Cinnamon bark
B. Buchthorn bark
C. Cascara bark
D. Cassia bark

D. Both A & B

Tannins are characterized as:
A. Amorphous, polyhydroxy-phenolic compounds
B. Possessing an astringent taste
C. None of the above
D. Both A & B

B. Bunga

The common name of Areca catechu is:
A. Niogniogan
B. Bunga
C. Peanut
D. Pilinut

B. Seeds

The usual source of fixed oils:
A. Flowers
B. Seeds
C. Leaves
D. Stems
E. Roots/rhizomes

D. Cod liver oil

It is a liquid animal fat:
A. Coconut oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Theobroma
D. Cod liver oil

C. Theobroma

This is a solid vegetable oil:
A. Coconut oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Theobroma
D. Cod liver oil

D. Prostaglandin

These are lipid metabolites formed in the body of animals from unsaturated fatty acids of the diet:
A. Carnauba
B. Bayberry
C. Spermaceti
D. Prostaglandin
E. Lanolin

A. Phospholipids

These are esters consisting of glycerol in combination with fatty acids, phosphoric acid and certain nitrogenous compounds:
A. Phospholipids
B. Waxes
C. Fixed oils
D. Sterols

A. Waxes

These are esters of high molecular, monohydric alcohols and high molecular fatty acid:
A. Waxes
B. Phospholipids
C. Glycolipids
D. Sphingomyelins

A. Lanolin

The purified fatlike substance obtained from the wool of sheep:
A. Lanolin
B. Cetyl esters wax
C. Cysteine
D. Spermaceti

C. Myricyl palmitate

The wax present in beeswax is:
A. Ceryl stearate
B. Myricyl cerotate
C. Myricyl palmitate
D. Ceryl palmitate

A. Choline

Component of lecithin and a precursor of acetylcholine:
A. Choline
B. Biotin
C. Yeast
D. PABA

D. Olive oil

The following fixed oils are used as solvent for IM injections, except:
A. Sesame oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Corn oil
D. Olive oil

D. Sodium morrhuate

A medicinally important lipid which is used as a sclerosing agent:
A. Jojoba oil
B. Chaulmoogra oil
C. Lycopodium
D. Sodium morrhuate

A. Oxygen

Drying properties of vegetable oils is based on the ability to absorb _ from the air:
A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Helium
D. Argon

A. Expression

Fixed oils are frequently extracted from their sources by:
A. Expression
B. Steam distillation
C. Filtration
E. None of the choices

B. Waxes

Which of these lipids are used to control the consistency of creams and ointments:
A. Cholesterol
B. Waxes
C. Stearic acid
D. Lecithin

D. None of the Choices

The following chemical constants are used to characterize lipids:
A. Acid number
C. Saponification value
E. All of the choices
B. Iodine number
D. None of the Choices

B. Hydrolytic

The type of rancidity of the oils is due to the free fatty acids liberated when the fat is hydrolyzed:
A. Oxidative
B. Hydrolytic
C. Any of them
D. None of them

A. Olive oil

A fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of a plant sometimes referred to as sweet oil:
A. Olive oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Soybean oil
D. Castor oil
E. Sesame oil

B. Peanut oil

Arachis oil is another name for _:
A. Olive oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Soybean oil
D. Castor oil
E. Sesame oil

E. Sesame oil

Teel oil or benne oil are another names for _:
A. Olive oil
B. Peanut oil
C. Soybean oil
D. Castor oil
E. Sesame oil

A. Theobroma oil

A fixed oil termed as “food for the gods”:
A. Theobroma oil
B. Sunflower oil
C. Peanut oil
D. Safflower oil
E. Coconut oil

A. Spermaceti

A substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus L.:
A. Spermaceti
C. Cetyl alcohol
E. Cetyl laurate
B. Cetyl ester wax
D. Stearyl alcohol

B. Saponification value

It indicates the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1 g of the substance:
A. Acid value
B. Saponification value
C. Iodine value
D. Ester value

A. Castor oil

This oil is cathartic in action:
A. Castor oil
B. Olive oil
C. Peanut oil
D. Sesame oil

D. I and IV

Which of the following statement/s pertaining to lanolin is/are correct:
I. Fatlike substance from the wool of Ovis aries
II. It contains not more than 0.25% of water
III. It is referred to as wool fat
IV. It is used as water-absorbable ointment base
A. I only
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I and IV

C. Lipids

These are substances grouped together on the basis of their insolubility in water and solubility in most organic solvents:
A. Alkaloids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Proteins

D. Acetic acid

An acid which is considered as a universal precursor for fatty acids, lipids and other organic plants products:
A. Gallic acid
B. Malic acid
C. Citric acid
D. Acetic acid

B. Lecithin

A substance present in soybean that can be found in number of proprietary products that are useful in controlling deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism:
A. Ergosterol
B. Lecithin
C. Resin
D. Ricin

A. Erucic acid

It is the predominant fatty acid constituent of rapeseed oil from Brassica napus (Brassicaceae):
A. Erucic acid
B. Linoleic acid
C. Linolenic acid
D. Oleic acid

A. Expression

Citrus volatile oils whose aroma is injuriously affected by heat is best obtained by:
A. Expression
B. Maceration
C. Enfleurage
D. Percolation

C. Vitae

Oil tubes found in plants under Apiaceae family that contain the volatile oil:
A. Parenchyma cells
B. Glandular cells
C. Vitae
D. Schizogenous passages

B. Menthol

Japanese peppermint is solely employed as a source of:
A. Terpinol
B. Menthol
C. Borneol
D. Carvacrol

A. Terpenes

The principal component of volatile oil:
A. Terpenes
B. Aldehyde
C. Lactose
D. Esters

D. Eugenol (phenol type in volatile oil)

The active constituent of Clove oil is:
A. Coniferin
B. Methyl salicylate
C. Anethol
D. Eugenol

C. Camphor

A ketone volatile oil that is used as antipruritic:
A. Eucalyptol
B. Spearmint
C. Camphor
D. Peppermint

D. Eucalyptus oil

All of these are volatile oils that are used as condiments, except:
A. Anise
B. Olive oil
C. Nutmeg
D. Eucalyptus oil

D. Anise

The volatile oil from this plant is an Anethole:
A. Almond
B. Turpentine
C. Clove
D. Anise

A. Artemisia annua

This plant is a source of drug for antimalaria and anticancer:
A. Artemisia annua
B. Ginkgo biloba
C. Coleus forskohlii
D. Piper nigrum

B. Thyme

Which of the following is phenol volatile oil:
A. Anise
B. Thyme
C. Fennel
D. Eucalyptus

C. Ricinus communis

Source of castor oil:
A. Jatropha curcas
B. Michelia champaca
C. Ricinus communis
D. Croton tiglium

D. Gaultheria oil

Which of the following is the active constituent of wintergreen oil:
A. Phenol
B. Alcohol
C. Menthol
D. Gaultheria oil

D. All of the choices

Volatile oil are isolated by:
A. Solvent extraction
B. Destructive distillation
C. Steam distillation
D. All of the choices
E. None of the choices

D. A, B, & C

Volatile oils may occur in the _ of the plant:
A. Oil cells
B. Glandular hairs
C. Ducts
D. A, B, & C
E. None of the choices

D. All of the choices

Volatile oils are used for _:
A. Therapeutic action
B. Flavoring
C. Perfumery
D. All of the choices

A. Pinaceae

NOTE: destructive distillation

Volatile oils are usually obtained by steam distillation, with the exception of the oils from:
A. Pinaceae
B. Rutaceae
C. Umbelliferae
D. Rosaceae

B. Chenopodium

Ascaridol is obtained from the fresh flower and fruits of:
A. Cajuput
B. Chenopodium
C. Lavender
D. Bergamot

A. Oxide

Ascaridol, a volatile oil constituent obtained from the chenopodium oil is a/an:
A. Oxide
B. Furan derivative
C. Alcohol
D. Phenol

D. Lemon

Which of the following oil is not an alcohol containing volatile oils:
A. Peppermint
B. Cardamon
C. Coriander
D. Lemon

D. Pomade

In the enfleurage method, the fatty product impregnated with the floral odor is called:
A. Absolutes
B. Terpenes
C. Concretes
D. Pomade

E. Aldehyde

Oils which are lighter than water are usually rich in the following, except:
A. Alcohol
B. Hydrocarbon
C. Esters
D. Ketone
E. Aldehyde

A. Cade oil

Juniper tar oil is obtained from the woody portion of the tree and also known as:
A. Cade oil
B. Neroli oil
C. Fennel oil
D. Sassafras oil

C. Camphor oil

Each of the following volatile oils has an aldehyde as a major constituent, except:
A. Ceylon cinnamon oil
B. Lemon oil
C. Camphor oil
D. Cassia cinnamon oil

D. Rose oil

Each of the following volatile oil has a hydrocarbon as a major constituent, except:
A. Turpentine oil
B. Lemon oil
C. Pepper oil
D. Rose oil

D. Rose

The following are alcohol containing volatile oil, except:
A. Peppermint
B. Cardamon
C. Coriander
D. Rose

A. Stearoptene

The solid, oxidized hydrocarbon portion of volatile oils:
A. Stearoptene
B. Eleoptene
C. Stearic acid
D. None of the choices

C. Ocimum basilicum

It contains ocimene, eugenol and pinene and a decoction of this herb is for treatment of cough:
A. Foeniculum vulgare
B. Bixa orellana
C. Ocimum basilicum
D. None of the choices

B. Phenols

Component of volatile oil which is responsible for its antiseptic and germicidal action:
A. Ethers
B. Phenols
C. Hydrocarbons
D. Esters

C. Insect repellants/attractants

Volatile oil plays a vital role in plants as:
A. Astringents
C. Insect repellants/attractants
B. Protein synthesizer
D. Cellular processes

B. Citral

Active constituent of the volatile oil of tanglad which is very good source of vitamin A:
A. Geraniol
B. Citral
C. Citronellal
D. Citronellol

A. Enfleurage

Method of extracting volatile oil with the use of cold fat:
A. Enfleurage
B. Digestion
C. Percolation
D. Maceration

D. Ericaceae

Gaultheria oil belongs to this family:
A. Pinaceae
B. Brassicaceae
C. Rutaceae
D. Ericaceae

B. Nutmeg

The other name of Myristica is:
A. Anise
B. Nutmeg
C. Cinnamon
D. Fennel

C. Ultimate

If the percent of extractive from a crude drug represent a single chemical species, the assay is referred to as a:
A. Proximate
C. Ultimate
B. Gravimetric
D. Volumetric

C. Carvacrol

All are volatile constituents of peppermint oil, except:
A. Menthol
B. Menthyl acetate
C. Carvacrol
D. Limonene
E. Menthone