APHUG Unit 1 Session 1

What is geography?

It is the study of how the Earth and its inhabitants affect and is affected by everything else

How to think like a geographer?

How people and things affect events, people, and things

Geography was first given structure by who?

The greeks

What does “Geo” mean?

The Earth

What does “Grapein” mean?

To write

What does Cartography mean?

The art and science of map-making

How were maps around Greece?

More accurate than maps of the rest of the world

What did the Greeks understand?

That the Earth was round

Geographers tended to be mostly concerned in practical knowledge of?

Location, places, and products

What was happening in the 17th century in Europe?

Europeans broadly studied both physical landscapes and the roles that human play in shaping them

Where did the modern scientific study of geography began?

Germany

How did Immanuel Kant define geography as?

“The study of interrelated spatial patterns — the description and explanation of differences and similarities between one region and another”

Geography became a _____ in European Universities

Distinct discipline

What sub-fields of geography started to emerge?

• Cultural

• Social

• Urban

• Political

• Economic

• Population

What are the two main branches

Physical and human geography

What are some topics studied in physical geography?

• Land forms

• Climate

• Vegetation

• Soils

• Earth’s internal forces

What are some topics studied in human geography?

• Culture (folk and popular)

• Agriculture and rural land use

• Urban growth

• Industrialization

• Demographics

• Politics

• Economics

What is physical movement more focused on?

Natural environment

What is human geography more focused on?

People

Who is Erathosthenes and what did he do?

A Greek scholar from the 3rd century B.C.E. who accurately calculated the Earth’s circumference

How did Erathosthenes calculate the circumference of the Earth?

Used geometry to conclude the circumference of Earth based on the distance between the two cities on Alexandria and Syene and the angle of the sun at each place

Who is Ptomely and what did he do?

He is a Greek Scholar that lived 500 years after Erathosthenes and he recalculated the Earth’s circumference incorrectly (9000 short)

What did Ptomely’s Guide to Geography include?

Maps

What did Ptomely develop?

A global grid system that was a forerunner to our modern system of latitude and longitude

Who is Idris and what did he do?

Is an Arab geographer in the 11th century who directed an academy of geographers

What happened to Idris final map?

His final map of the world was lost, but many partial maps have survived

Who is George Perkins Marsh and what is he known for?

He is an American Geographer from the 19th century and is known for his classic works like Man And Nature (1864)

What did George Perkins Marsh focused work on?

Impact of human actions on the natural environment

What is George Perkins Marsh well known quote?

“Conserve the Earth, or live to play the disastrous consequences.”

Who is Carl Squer?

A geographer from California

What did Carl Squer argue about?

Cultural landscapes should be the main focus of geographic study

What is Carl Squer study?

Basic to environmental geography

What does location mean?

The position of something on earth’s surface

What does relative location mean?

Commotion on where something is relevant to what we’re talking about

What does space mean?

The relationship between the size of an object or distance between objects on a map and the size of the actual object or distance on earth’s surface

What does place mean?

A specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics

What does pattern mean?

The arrangement of objects on earth’s surface in relationship to one another

What does regionalization mean?

The organization of earth’s surface into distinct areas that are viewed as different from other areas

What does globalization mean?

The expansion of economic, political, and cultural activities to the point that they reach and have impact on many areas of the world