deviance test

deviance

violation of established contextual, or social norms.

Crimes

An act of deviance that breaks not only a norm but also a law.

social deviations

Acts like abusing serving staff or cheating on a spouse or partner, which are not illegal but are widely regarded as serious or harmful.

mores

social norms that are widely observed within a particular society or culture

folkway

the traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group of people.

laws

A formal rule or standard enacted by a political entity and enforced by agents with recognized authority such as the police and the courts.

taboos

a social group's ban of something based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, offensive, sacred, or allowed only for certain people.

social control

the way that the norms, rules, laws, and structures of society regulate human behavior.

agents of social control

any person or group of persons who attempts to manipulate the behavior of others through the use of formal or informal sanctions or rewards.

positive sanctions

Actual or promised rewards for certain behaviors.

negative sanctions

Actual or threatened punishments for certain behaviors.

formal sanctions

imposed through formal means by an institution (or representative) upon an individual or group.

informal sanctions

actions in response to someone's behavior that may serve to discourage nonconformity or encourage conformity to a norm, rule, or law

external sanctions

Consequences or rewards determined by others.

internal sanctions

Consequences or rewards that come from within.

formal vs informal social control

formal-involves conformity to written laws and regulations of a society.
informal-involves conformity to the norms and values of society as well as adoption of a belief system learned through the process of socialization

direct vs indirect social control

Direct Social Control - that, which is exercised by the primary groups like family, peer groups, who praise or condemn the behavior of an individual
Indirect Social Control - Distant factors keep control over the behavior of the individual. Often exercised by secondary groups through customs; traditions, rationalized behavior. ***Public Opinion

Disciplinary Social Control

Considered a modern form of social control relying on the detailed continuous training, control, and observation of individuals to improve their capabilities.

Three components of disciplinary social control

surveillance, normalization, and examination

Surveillance

Various means used to make the lives and activities of individuals visible to authorities.

examination

Bringing together surveillance and normalization in a way that enables each individual and each individual's abilities to be assessed, documented, and known by authorities.

Normalization

Refers to the way in which norms are first established and then used to assess, differentiate, and sometimes, rank individuals according to their abilities