Bacterial Transcription

pribnow box

like TATA box of archaea and eukarya, about 10bp from TSS, essential part of promoter region, recognition and binding site for RNA polymerase, AT-rich sequence

transcription factors (2)

activators and repressors

activators

(maltose transport) ligand can bind to activator protein and change its shape so it binds to DNA and promotes transcription, if promotor region is not next to activator region the DNA must bend and loop to reach it

repressors

(arginine biosynthesis) ligand can bind to repressor protein and change its shape so it binds to operator region and prevent transcription, (lac operon derepression) ligand can bind to repressor protein already on DNA and change its shape so it unbinds

2 component system

signal transduction relays message to multiple proteins that can do/trigger different actions within cell, allows bacteria to respond to environment