Western Civ - Chapter 7-1

Peninsula

It was the homeland of rome; where it’s armies, resources, and people were based.

Apennine Mountains

a crucial role in geography and strategy in the punic wars. Formed a natural barrier dividing east and west italy.

Po River

Hannibal used it to rest his army, recruit gallic allies, and secure a base in northern italy before going south.

Latium

strategic, political, and logistical because it was in the middle of the roman republic.

Tiber River

Defensive barrier of rome. It provided a natural defensive line.

Mediterranean Sea

In the first punic war, this is where most of the naval battles were fought. Made control of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia was crucial.

Latins (contribution)

They contributed manpower, economic support, strategic locations and bases, cultural and social integration and political loyalty and stability for the romans.

Greeks (contribution)

control of key locations in sicily or southern italy, naval and military support, cultural and political influence, and political alliances and rivalries. Their alliances shifted between carthage and rome over time.

Etruscans (contribution)

Territory under roman control, military contributions, economic and logistical support, cultural influence for the roman republic.

Twelve Tables

First written codes of law in rome.

Civil law

Body of law that governed roman citizens.

Law of Nations

set of legal principles that applied to foreigners, interactions between romans and foreigners, and sometimes between foreigners and themselves.

Principles of Law

foundational ideas and values that shaped legal thinking. Formed the basis of roman law.

Carthage

Carthage lost sicily to the roman empire so to make up for that land, they claimed new spain territories.

Sardinia

Roman empire seized it from carthage during the first punic war. Used for trade and military operations.

Sicily

Largest island in the mediterranean sea. What rome, hannibal and carthage were fighting over.

Hannibal

he used the strat. Of surprise and unpredictability, using terrain, physocholigical war fare, flexible formations and deception, use of multi

Alps

where the roman forces met hannibal. Hannibal devasted the roman forces.

Cannae

village, known for the battle of cannae.

Zama

The battle of Zama

Scipio Africanus

the roman general who defeated Hannibals.

Cato

Cato the elder played a major political role in pushing rome into the third punic war.

Republic

A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. In Rome, it involved a mix of democracy (people’s assemblies) and oligarchy (Senate), with elected officials like consuls and praetors.

Rape of Lucretia

a noble Roman woman, was raped by Sextus Tarquinius, son of the king. Her suicide led to outrage, sparking a revolt that overthrew the Roman monarchy and established the Republic. It symbolized the Roman values of honor, virtue, and resistance to tyranny.

Coecles

A Roman hero who defended the Sublician Bridge alone against the invading Etruscan army, allowing his fellow soldiers to destroy the bridge and protect Rome. He symbolized bravery, patriotism, and self

Cincinnatus

A Roman statesman and farmer who was appointed dictator during a crisis. After leading Rome to victory, he voluntarily gave up power and returned to farming. He became a symbol of Roman civic virtue, humility, and service to the state.

Patrician

The aristocratic, land-owning upper class of Roman society. Patricians held most of the political power early in the Republic and dominated the Senate and major offices.

Plebeian

The common people of Rome, including farmers, artisans, and merchants. Initially excluded from power, Plebeians fought for and eventually gained political rights, such as electing tribunes and access to high offices.

Consuls

The two highest elected officials in the Roman Republic. They served one-year terms, led the army, presided over the Senate, and represented the Republic. Each consul could veto the other, preventing one-man rule.

Praetors

Elected officials just below consuls, mainly responsible for administering justice. They could also lead armies and govern provinces. Over time, the number of praetors increased as Rome expanded.