psych: Psychopathology (share)

Disorientation appears in:

A) Korsakoff syndrome

B) Acute schizophrenic episode

C) Hypomania

D) Depression

E) Agoraphobia

A) Korsakoff syndrome

EXPLANATION

Disorientation, short-term memory loss and confabulation are typical for Korsakoff’s syndrome

Perception without objective stimulus:

A) Hallucination

B) Illusion

C) Delusion

D) Derealisation

E) Depersonalisation

A) Hallucination

EXPLANATION

Hallucinations are perceptions without objective stimuli

Short-term memory loss is a typical symptom in:

A) Mania

B) Depression

C) Schizophrenia

D) Korsakoff syndrome

E) conversion disorder

D) Korsakoff syndrome

EXPLANATION

Short-term memory loss, disorientation and confabulation are typical in Korsakoff syndrome

A patient starts to cry without any reason or cries several times during the interview due to minor emotional reactions. The phenomenon can be:

A) Blunted affect

B) Anhedonia

C) Anxiety

D) Emotional incontinence

E) Alexithymia

D) Emotional incontinence

EXPLANATION

In the case of emotional incontinence, extreme emotions appear without any understandable cause, most often a symptom of dementia or organic brain damage.

Hallucination is a symptom of:

A) Thinking

B) Sensorium

C) Attention

D) Perception disorder

E) Mood

D) Perception disorder

EXPLANATION

Hallucination and illusion are the symptoms of perception disorder.

The patient said during the interview that he had seen two birds in the window. This meant to him that 2 weeks later he will suffer a serious injury. This symptom is a/an:

A) Illusion

B) Hallucination

C) Delusion of reference

D) Neologism

C) Delusion of reference

EXPLANATION

This is a delusion of reference.

The most important characteristic of psychosis is:

A) Thought disorder

B) Depressed mood

C) Maniform switch

D) Disturbed reality-testing

E) Hostility

D) Disturbed reality-testing

EXPLANATION

The essence of psychosis is the disturbed reality-testing due to symptoms, but the other symptoms can occur also during psychosis.

An old, confused patient is admitted to the hospital. When the doctor asks ’How old are you‘, he answers: ’70 years‘. The doctor asks ’Where are we now?’, the patient answers: ’70 years’. How is this phenomenon called?

A) Coprolalia

B) Rumination

C) Compulsion

D) Perseveration

E) Echolalia

D) Perseveration

EXPLANATION

Perseveration is a sign of organic brain disease.

An 8-year-old child with high fever sees the curtain moving. He tells his mother that an animal is coming in through the window. The symptom is:

A) Delusion

B) Fantasy

C) Depression

D) Illusion

E) Phobia

D) Illusion

EXPLANATION

In children with high fever illusions can occur. Illusion is a sensory disappointment that is rooted in reality, in this case in the curtain and its movement.

Which is not true about alexithymia?

A) well-being of a depressed patient

B) the inability to identify and communicate the emotions of others and one's own

C) eating disorder

D) sleep disorder

E) inability to read in foreign language

B) the inability to identify and communicate the emotions of others and one's own

EXPLANATION

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in expressing and verbalizing emotions. It is also called as emotional illiteracy. 

All of the following are examples of symptoms of the form of thinking, except:

A) Delusion

B) Flight of ideas

C) Logorrhea

A) Delusion

EXPLANATION

Delusion is a symptom of the content of thinking, and not a disorder of thought formation. A patient who has delusions, but does not have a formal disorder of thinking, can conceptualize his thoughts correctly, but their content is far from reality, sometimes it's like reading a sci-fi.

A female patient has a delusion that his boss loves her, the symptom is:

A) Erotic delusion

B) Erotomania

C) Transitivism

D) None of the above

B) Erotomania

EXPLANATION

Erotomania is also called as De Clérambault symptom, and the essence of which is that the patient feels that a person important to her is in love with her.

In psychotic depression the patient delusionally believes that he is not alive. The name of the symptom is:

A) Nihilistic delusion

B) Anxiety

C) Horror vacui

D) None of the above

A) Nihilistic delusion

EXPLANATION

Nihilistic delusions arealso called Cotard symptom.

The hallucinatory voices instruct the patient to do something, the name of the symptom is:

A) Delusion of influence

B) Command hallucination

C) Somatic hallucinations

D) None of the above

B) Command hallucination

EXPLANATION

Command hallucinations can lead to suicide or homicide.

Delusion of infestation is also known as:

A) Capgras symptom

B) Ekbom symptom

C) Cotard symptom

D) None of the above

B) Ekbom symptom

EXPLANATION

Delusion of infestation or delusion of parasitosis is called Ekbom symptom.

Ganser syndrome is commonly seen in:

A) Schizophrenia

B) Mania

C) Pick disease

D) Learning disabilities

E) Prisoners awaiting trial

E) Prisoners awaiting trial

EXPLANATION

In Ganser syndrome approximate answers, clouding of consciousness with disorientation, severe emotional stress, pseudohallucinations and amnesia are present.

The patient in stupor spits out the food, the name of the symptom is:

A) Passive negativism

B) Pica

C) Active negativism

D) Rumination

C) Active negativism

EXPLANATION

This phenomenon is a typical example of active negativism

Somatic hallucinations are most typical in:

A) Schizophrenia

B) Epilepsy

C) Delirium

D) None of the above

A) Schizophrenia

EXPLANATION

They are specific symptoms of schizophrenia.The patient reports some bizarre, strange physical sensation, e.g. you feel like your stomach is jumping, or your kidneys are moving, etc.

Abstract thinking can be examined by the:

A) Interpretation of proverbs

B) Ziehen probe

C) Bourdon probe

D) None of the above

A) Interpretation of proverbs

EXPLANATION

By the correct interpretation of proverbs the metaphorical level of an expression can be captured. If there is a disorder of abstract thinking, the patient concretizes the proverb, e.g. explains the well-known proverb that if one gets up early enough, one can find gold in one's garden.

The patient has a delusion that his mother is replaced by a double. The name of the symptom is:

A) Frégoli symptom

B) Cotard symptom

C) Capgras symptom

D) De Clérambault symptom

C) Capgras symptom

EXPLANATION

The delusion of the double is called the Capgras symptom after the French psychiatrist, Capgras. The essence is that the patient believes that a close family member or acquaintance has been replaced with an identical look-alike. It mostly occurs as a symptom of incipient dementia.

Characteristics of illusion:

1) Misinterpretation of outer stimuli

2) it can also occur in organic psychiatric disorders

3) Not a necessary sign of psychosis

4) Have normal variants as well

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct

C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

D) only the 4th answer is correct

E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

1) Misinterpretation of outer stimuli

2) it can also occur in organic psychiatric disorders

3) Not a necessary sign of psychosis

4) Have normal variants as well

EXPLANATION

Illusion is a perceptiual disturbance, which has normal variants as well. Illusion means the misinterpretation of objective stimuli and its abnormal variants are more common is organic brain disorders

If somebody is disoriented, probably he/she will not know:

1) The date

2) Where he/she is

3) Which season it is

4) What his/her name is

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct

C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

D) only the 4th answer is correct

E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

1) The date

2) Where he/she is

3) Which season it is

4) What his/her name is

EXPLANATION

When taking the psychological status, the orientation is examined spatially (where are we?), temporally (date and time?), auto- (what is her name?) and allopsychically.

Grandiose delusions can appear in:

1) Schizophrenia

2) Mania

3) Frontal lobe syndrome

4) Amphetamin use

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct

C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

D) only the 4th answer is correct

E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

1) Schizophrenia

2) Mania

3) Frontal lobe syndrome

4) Amphetamin use

EXPLANATION

Magnificent thoughts, megalomaniac doxasmas can also occur in schizophrenia, brain tumors, manic states and at amphetamine use.

Delusions do not occur in the following diseases:

A) affective diseases

B) organic brain diseases

C) paranoid symptoms

D) panic disorder

E) schizophrenia spectrum

D) panic disorder

EXPLANATION

While e.g. delusions occur in bipolar illness, incipient dementia, paranoid symptoms and schizophrenia spectrum disorder, while they are not typical in panic disorder.

Which of the following is not a motor disorder seen in schizophrenia?

A) Catatonia

B) Cataplexy

C) Negativism

D) Waxy flexibility

E) Automatic obedience

B) Cataplexy

EXPLANATION

Cataplexy is seen in narcolepsy, a sleep disorder, in which the subject falls down because of a sudden loss of muscle tone provoked by strong emotions.