Nervous System and Genetics Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering the nervous system, genetics, and evolutionary concepts based on the lecture transcript.

Nervous System

The body’s communication network consisting of nerve cells.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

Nature

The influence of genetic factors on traits and behaviors.

Nurture

The influence of environmental factors on traits and behaviors.

Adoption Studies

Studies that compare biologically related people, including those raised apart, to understand genetic influences.

Twin Studies

Research comparing the similarities between identical and fraternal twins to understand the influence of genetics versus environment.

Family Studies

Research looking at behavioral traits in families to determine how much is genetic versus environmental.

Genetic Predisposition

The likelihood of developing certain traits or disorders based on genetics.

Evolutionary Perspective

Looks at how human behaviors helped our ancestors survive and reproduce.

Natural Selection

Process where traits that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently.

Eugenics

A controversial and unethical movement aimed at improving the genetic composition of humans through selective breeding.

Central Nervous System

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Somatic Nervous System

Controls voluntary movements.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Activates the body's resources during stress and emergencies – fight or flight

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Conserves energy and restores the body to a calm state – rest and digest