Chapter 4 Histology

Define Tissue

Collection of cells that perform a specific function

What is Histology

The study of tissue

What are the 4 classes of tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

What are 4 functions of the Epithelial Tissue

Provide physical protection, Control permeability, Provide sensation, and Produce specialized secretions

What are some common characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Have a apical and basal surface~ called polarity, Avascular~ means no blood vessels, Have all the membranous organelles

What is tight junction

Keeps things from getting between the cells

What is gap junction

Allows chemical communication between cells

What is Desmosome

Holds cells together

What is Hemidesmmosomes

Attaches cells to the basement membrane

What are Endocrine Glands

These glands release their substance (hormones) directly into the blood. The blood then carries these hormones all over your body to help control things like growth, mood and energy

What are Exocrine Glands

These glands release their substances through tiny tubes (ducts) to a specific place in the body.

What is an example of an Endocrine Gland

The Thyroid Gland

What is an example of an Exocrine Gland

The salivary glands

Identify the 3 types of extracellular protein fibers

Reticular, Collagen, and Elastic Fibers

Identify the type of living cell in Connective Tissue

Fixed Cells ( Stay in place) These are the cells that stay in place in the connective tissue and don’t move. They help and build support.

What are Wandering Cells

These cells travel through the connective tissue to help protect the body. They move around when there’s is an infection or injury, Ex. White blood cells

What is a Chondrocyte

Is a special kind of cell that lives inside cartilage (the squishy, rubbery tissue in your nose, ear and joints)

What is Areolar Tissue

Like a soft cushion that fills spaces in your body. Like under the skin and around organs

What is Adipose Tissue

This is a fatty which stores energy and keeps you warm, located under the skin like the heart or kidneys

What is a Reticular Tissue

Like a net that supports soft organs, located in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes

What is Elastic Cartilage

Is super flexible that can bend and snap, located in Ears and tip of nose

What is Hyaline Cartilage

Is smooth and slippery, helping bones move easily. Found in joints, nose and windpipe

What is Fibro Cartilage

The toughest cartilage, which acts like a shock absorber, located between the the bones in your spine and knee joints

Bone Connective Tissue

Hard and strong, this tissue makes up your bones, all your bones

What are Blood Tissues

A liquid connective tissue that carries oxygen, nutrients, and fights infections

What is Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Very strong tissue with fibers lined up in one direction, like a rope, located in tendons and ligaments

What are Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Strong tissue but with fibers going in different directions like a woven basket, located in the skin and joints

What is Perichondrium

A layer of membrane surrounding cartilage

What is Appositional Growth

A process that adds new cartilage to the existing cartilage

What is Interstitial Growth

Growth from within the cartilage itself, chondrocytes within the cartilage matrix divide and produce more matrix material, pushing the cartilage to grow from the inside out.

What is Osteocyte

Living cells, Vascular

What is Periosteum

Membrane around the bone

What is Lacuna

Small space or cavity within a tissue, usually in bone and cartilage

Where are Smooth Muscles Tissues found

Found in the in the walls of hollow organs, intestines and blood

Where are Cardiac Muscle found

Found only in the heart

What is Skeletal Muscle

Located attached to bone for movement

What is the function of Neurons

They are like tiny messengers, They send and receive information all over your body

What is the function of Neuroglia

Are the helpers, they support and protect the neurons, making sure they work smoothly.

Where can you find Mucous Membrane

They are found in places that are opened to the outside, like your nose, mouth, lungs and stomach. They make mucus which keeps things moist

Where is the Serous Membrane located

They are found inside of your body. Covering and protecting your heart, lungs, and other organs

Where is Synovial Membrane located

They are found in your joints, like your knees and elbows

Where are Cutaneous Membrane located

This one is easy, cause it’s just your skin! It covers your whole body, it protects you from dirt, germs, and water

What are the 4 Cardinal Signs of inflammation

Pain, Redness, Heat, and Swelling

What are the stages in tissue repair

Inflammation ( Clean up the damage), Proliferation ( Building New Tissue), Remodeling (Making it strong again)