RADI 108 - morgan kellers

what are the 3 primary functions of the digestive system?

absorption, intake, digestion

what are the accessory organs of digestion?

salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

a wave like of involuntary muscular connections propelling food describes...

peristalsis

what is the opening leaving the distal stomach called?

pyloric orfice

How many esophageal indentation(s) are there?

2

If a patient swallowed a barium sulfate and water mixture along with some air (gas pills) and was lying in an RAO position, where would the air and barium be located?

Air would be in the fundus, barium would be in the body and pylorus

what is the correct order of the small bowel?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

what is the cartilage that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing called?

soft palate

the abdominal segment of the esophagus is called ...

cardiac antrum

True or false: The esophagus is located anterior to the trachea

False

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

Which body type would have a stomach that sits low and vertical?

hyposthenic

The stomach contents are mixed with stomach fluids into a semi fluid mass termed ...

chyme

what is the name of the spot where the small and large bowels join?

ileocecal valve

which major part of the large intestine is the appendix attached to?

cecum

what is the dilated portion of the rectum located anterior to the coccyx called?

rectal ampulla

an example of a radiolucent contrast medium would be ...

co2 gas crystals

When doing after films on an UGI using gastroview, what should your KVP be set at?

75-85

When doing a BE, why should you be concerned if the patient had a colonoscopy within the same week?

the pt may have has a biopsy during the procedure

Small finger like projections located in the small intestine are termed what?

villi

a mass of undigested material that becomes trapped in the stomach is called ...

bezoar

When mixing barium, how many parts water to barium would you mix for thick barium?

1 to 4

what position is the pt put into prior to insertion of the enema tip?

sims

digital fluoroscopy reads in what kind of mode?

progressive

True or false: An ap axial view (BE) has a 25 degree cephalic angle.

false

True or false: The RPO is done to better visualize the splenic flexure.

true

If spasm occurs during a BE, what can be given to the patient intravenously (not added to barium) to help relax the bowel?

glucagon

where would your CR be for an RAO esophagus?

T5-T6

Where would your CR be for a lat stomach film on a sthenic pt. (assume there are 2 inches between each level listed)?

L1

Where would your CR be for an LPO stomach on a hypersthenic patient (assume there are 2 inches between each level listed)?

T11

aprox. how high should the BE bag be hung over the table?

no more than 24"

If your pt is laying on his/her stomach, where would the barium (BE study) be located primarily?

transverse colon

Which exam is referred to as a small bowel enema?

intubation method

True or false: It is possible to do a BE on a pt through his/her colostomy

true

This is a twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery leading to an obstruction.

volvulus

This is characterized by a large out pouching of the esophagus just above the upper esophageal sphincter

zenkers diverticulum

what is the duodenojejunal flexure held in place by?

ligament of treitz

which view would you do for a double contrast enema to better visualize the rectum?

ventral decubitus rectum

what does the AP axial butterfly BE view demonstrate?

sigmoid colon

what year was fluoroscopy invented?

1896

what type of switch is used to turn fluoro on?

deadmans

True or false: fluoroscopy provides a static image

false

what is the range of mA for a fluoro table?

.5-5 mA

How much flux gain does a typical II have

50

What is your flux gain if your number of xray photons at the input is 2 and the number of light photons at the output is 40?

20

True or false: Minification gain happens because the image is larger at the output phosphor and smaller at the input phosphor.

false

What is your minification gain if the diameter of your input screen is 20 and the output diameter is 5?

16

What is/are a disadvantage(s) of the optical viewing system?

only one can view at a time, a significant amount of light is lost, field of view is small

what is the most common dual focus image intensifier?

10"/7"

what is the typical diameter of an output screen?

1"

when you use your "mag" view in fluoro, what happens to ot dose?

increases

What is vignetting?

loss of brightness at the periphery

How many scan lines are on the typical fluoro monitor

525

what size film is typically used for a photospot camera?

105mm

How many times brighter does image intensification make the image than an older conventional method?

4000x

What is the photocathode made of?

cesium and antimony

True or false: The photocathode absorbs electrons and emits light, a process called photoemission

false

what is the best way to reduce personnel exposure during fluoro?

distance

True or false: When using Cine, 35mm has higher quality but more dose than the 16mm

true

what would be the correct order for ordering exams?

nuc med, IVU, UGI

what is the correct order when a xray beam hits the II?

input, photocathode, focusing lenses, output

If done properly, radiographs must be visualized under how many lux?

750

Where are most of the nutrients absorbed (and transported to the circulatory system) in the alimentary canal?

small intestine

While completing your after films during the BE exam, you place your patient into a left lateral decubitus position. Which of the following would be the most important to demonstrate on your pictures?

hepatic flexure

where is your CR for a LAO BE?

slightly to the upside of MSP, 2" above the crest