LEV VYGOTSKY

Lev Vygotsky

A Russian psychologist known for his work on cognitive development, born on November 17, 1896.

Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive Development

Vygotsky's theory emphasizing the role of social interaction and culture in cognitive development.

Cultural Tools

Culture-specific tools that influence cognitive development and problem-solving strategies.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The gap between a child's independent problem-solving ability and their potential problem-solving ability with guidance.

More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

An individual with higher ability or understanding than the learner, aiding in their learning process.

Scaffolding

Support provided to learners to help them perform tasks within their ZPD.

Interpsychological Development

Development that occurs on a social level between individuals.

Intrapsychological Development

Development that occurs on an individual level within a person.

Language as Social Interaction

Vygotsky's view that language originates from social interactions to facilitate communication.

Inner Speech

Thoughts or self-talk that guides a child's thinking and action, emerging from social language.

Cognitive Development

The process by which individuals acquire and develop their mental abilities.

Role of Social Interaction

Emphasizes that effective learning occurs through participation in social activities.

Community Impact on Learning

Vygotsky's belief that community plays a significant role in shaping an individual’s learning and meaning-making.

Collaborative Dialogue

Conversations between learners and MKOs aiding in the acquisition of cultural values and problem-solving.

Private Speech

Self-directed speech used by children to regulate their thinking and actions during problem-solving.

Cultural Beliefs and Values

Factors that children acquire through social interaction and cognitive development.

Development and Education

Vygotsky's assertion that learning is interconnected with cognitive development, rather than separate.

Feedback in Learning

Critical input from MKOs that aids learners in refining their understanding and skills.

Educational Psychology

A field that Vygotsky influenced significantly through his theories of cognitive development.

Sociocultural Perspective

A viewpoint that emphasizes the importance of social contexts and culture in individual development.

Posthumous Recognition

The acknowledgment of Vygotsky's work and influence in psychology that occurred after his death.