Biology 2201 Unit 2 - Test 1 Review

Abiogenesis

life could arise from non-living or once living things.

Biogenesis

The idea that life arises from life.

Paradigm Shift

an important change that happens when the usual way of thinking about or doing something is replaced by a new and different way.

Francesco Redi

Conducted one of the first controlled experiments that supported biogenesis. Worked/used meat in jars, some covered/some not. Made observations regarding whether or not maggots would develop.

Louis Pasteur

He conducted experiments that finally disproving abiogenesis. He used flasks with S-shaped necks to show that microorganisms come from other microorganisms, and do not appear by spontaneous generation.

The Four Points of the Cell Theory

1. All organisms are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms 3. All cells come from other, already existing cells 4. The activities of a multicellular organism depend on the activities of all of its cells

Magnification

Refers to the number of times larger the image you observe is compared with the actual object.

Resolution

Refers to the ability of the microscope to show details at a given magnification.

Depth of Field

Refers to the range that is in focus from foreground to background.

Prokaryote

Lack a nucleus, Smallest living cells, Simple internal structure, lack membrane-bound organelles, All bacteria cells are prokaryotic.

Eukaryotic

Have a nucleus, Larger cells compared to prokaryotic because they have complex internal structure, have membrane-bound organelles, Organelles work together to carry out cellular functions, All life that isn’t bacteria are made of eukaryotic cells. Explain the difference between biogenesis and abiogenesis

Robert Hooke

Used a compound microscope to observe slices of cork

Observed empty vessels he called “cells”

**Anton Von Leeuwenhoek** 

First to make and use a microscope

Observed microorganisms (bacteria)

Types of Microscopes

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Simple microscope,  Compound Light Microscope, and Electron Microscope.

Nuclear Membrane

Holds nucleus together

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Surface for chemical activity

Chromosomes

Units of heredity

Lysosomes

Digestion centres

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made

Microtubule

Microscopic cylinders that support and give the cell shape

Cell wall

Shapes and supports a plant cell

Golgi Body

Stores and releases chemicals

Chloroplasts

Food for plant cells Is made here

Nucleolus

Spherical body within nucleus

Cell Membrane

Controls entry into and out of cell

Chlorophyll

Traps light and is used to produce food for plants

Nucleus

Chromosomes are found here -

Cytoplasm

Jellylike substance within cell

Nuclear Pore

Minute hole in nuclear membrane

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse" of cell

Vacuole

Contains water and dissolved minerals

Plastid

Stores food or contains pigment

Cell Membrane

Controls the movement Into and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

Watery material which contains many of the materials involved in cell metabolism

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Serves as a pathway for the transport. of materials throughout the cell; also associated with synthesis and storage

Nucleus

Serves as the control center for cell metabolism and reproduction

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Mitochondria

The 'powerhouse" of the cell

Golgi Body

Packages and secretes the products of the cell

Vacuole

Fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane; contains stored food or wastes.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of the production of ribosomes

Nuclear Membrane

Controls movement into and out of the nucleus

Cell Wall

Gives the cell its shape and provides protection; not found in animal cells

Cilia

Hairlike structures with the capacity for movement

Flagella

A long hairlike structure used for movement

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis