Final Deck

I am a hopeless piece of shit.

802.11a

11 Mbps

2.4 GHz

WiFi 1

802.11b

54 Mbps

5 GHz

WiFi 2

802.11g

54 Mbps

2.4 GHz

WiFi 3

802.11n

600 Mbps

2.4 and 5 GHz

WiFi 4

802.11ac

6.9 Gbps

5 GHz

WiFi 5

802.11ax

9.6 Gbps

2.4, 5, and 6 GHz

WiFi 6

• (WiFi 6e introduced 6 GHz)

802.11be

46 Gbps

2.4, 5, and 6 GHz

WiFi 7

What is MIMO?

What is WEP?

Legacy wireless security protocol.

Old and highly insecure.

(Wired Equivalent Privacy)

What is WPA2?

Modern, widespread wireless security protocol.

It uses a 4 way handshake.

(WiFi Protected Access 2)

What is WPA3?

Advanced wireless security protocol.

It is more secure than 4 way handshake of WPA2, and uses enhanced encryption and protection against hacking.

Which one uses licensed frequency bands- cellular or WiFi?

Cellular uses licensed bands.

WiFi does not.

What is a subnet mask?

A 32 bit number that separates an IP address into network ID and node.

What does a subnet mask do for communication?

It helps determine if an IP address is on the same subnet.

Devices on the same network need the same subnet mask to communicate.

Each subnet has its own subnet mask.

What is classful subnetting?

A method of IP address and subnet mask allocation based on predefined classes (A, B, C).

• Class A: 255.0.0.0 (IPs starting with 10)

• Class B: 255.255.0.0 (IPs starting with 172)

• Class C: 255.255.255.0 (IPs starting with 192)

What Is CIDR?

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

A way to allocate IP addresses and subnet masks without using predefined classes.

What do /8, /16, and /24 mean?

For CIDR:
/8 after an IP address means the subnet mask is 255.0.0.0

/16 after an IP address means the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0

/24 after an IP address means the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

What is UPnP?

Universal plug and play.

Router feature in which ports are opened up at the requests of that specific application, and closes ports when the device is turned off.

Hands off and insecure option for SOHO networks.

What is port forwarding?

A router setting in which specific inbound ports are sent to a specific IP addresses.

Used if UPnP is disabled.

Static but insecure option for SOHO networks. Must be manually enabled.

What is port triggering?

A router feature that enables specific inbound ports to be opened based on outgoing traffic, and closes them when the session ends.

So someone can only reach that device if it recently sent a message outside the network.

Secure, dynamic option for SOHO networks.

What is a screened subnet?

A specific kind of subnet that you put in a SOHO network if you need to have on premises servers that are accessed through the internet.

Because people know that server is there, it should be separated from the rest of your network.

Highly secure, also called a DMZ.

What is a loopback address?

::1 for IPv6

127.0.0.1 for IPv4

Used to send a test signal over a network and diagnose problems.

What does POP3 do?

It downloads mail from a server to a specific device and then deletes it from the server.

What does IMAP4 do?

It allows synchronized access to a mailbox remotely, and from multiple devices.

What does SMTP do?

It sends mail between servers.

What is signal to noise ratio (SNR)?

The ratio of RF signal power for desired messages to RF signal power of undesired background messages.

Higher = better.

What is an IDS?

Intrusion detection system. Used to log malicious network traffic.

What is an IPS?

Intrusion prevention system. Used by a network to continuously monitor traffic and block identified threats.

What is Syslog?

A protocol for networked devices to communicate with a logging server.

What is an SIEM?

An advanced security analytics platform that collects, analyzes, and correlates data from many sources to detect security threats in real time.

Devices use Syslog to send it information.

What converts HFC to Ethernet?

Cable modem

What converts ISP fiber to Ethernet?

ONT

What converts ISP copper to your Ethernet?

DSL modem

If a laptop’s WiFi is enabled in settings and the wireless card appears in the device manager, but you still can’t connect to the network, what is the problem?

The wireless card recently came loose.

What are causes of wireless connection that is successful but slow?

Interference

WAP placement

Channel congestion

Best way to test if Bluetooth audio connection is working?

Try to play something and see where sound comes from.

When should you use if a port replicator over a docking station?

If you only need external monitor, keyboard, and mouse rather than advanced additions.

What is tethering?

The process of sharing a device’s cellular data with another device using a wire (USB).

What is hotspot?

The process of sharing a device’s cellular data with another device using Wi-Fi signals.

What connector is fastest at a transfer for mobile devices?

USB-C

What is a stylus nib?

The rubber/plastic tip of a stylus.

A stylus becoming harder to use (but still working) almost always means the nib is worn down.

Which cloud model provides servers, switches, and VMs?

IaaS

Which cloud model provides software development tools/environments?

PaaS

Which cloud model provides applications?

SaaS

What is resource pooling for a VM?

The allocation of storage, memory, and processing for that VM.

What makes a cloud public?

Purchasing cloud resources from a third party provider who uses multi tenancy.

If you are buying cloud resources from a provider that other people buy from, your cloud is a public cloud.

AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

What makes a cloud private?

Data being stored in the cloud without multi tenancy.

You either own the hardware storing cloud data, or you are paying someone to store your data and nobody else’s. The cloud provider can’t store someone else’s data on the same server as your data.

What makes a cloud hybrid?

Combining features of public and private.

What makes a cloud community?

If the cloud infrastructure is owned and used by several parties with similar interests.