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Auditory Transduction
The process by which the ear converts sound waves into electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain.
Tympanic Membrane
A cone-shaped membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves entering the ear.
Frequency
The rate of vibration; lower frequencies produce slower vibrations, while higher frequencies produce faster vibrations.
Amplitude
The volume of sound; lower amplitude produces less dramatic vibrations.
Auditory Ossicles
A chain of three bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes that transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane.
Round Window
A flexible membrane that allows the displacement of perilymph in the bony labyrinth, facilitating the transmission of sound vibrations.
Cochlea
The spiral portion of the bony labyrinth that processes sound vibrations.
Scala Vestibuli
The ascending portion of the cochlea where vibrations travel towards the apex.
Scala Tympani
The descending portion of the cochlea where vibrations return from the apex.
Cochlear Duct
A fluid-filled structure between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, containing endolymph.
Reissner's Membrane
A membrane that separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli.
Basilar Membrane
A flexible membrane that vibrates in response to sounds and supports the organ of Corti.
Organ of Corti
Specialized structure on the basilar membrane that generates nerve impulses for sound perception.
Hair Cells
Specialized cells within the organ of Corti that fire nerve impulses when stimulated by vibration.
Tectorial Membrane
A structure covering hair cells that bends their tiny clusters when the basilar membrane vibrates.
Tonotopic Organization
The arrangement where specific areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies of sound.
