PA Med Term Exam 1

medical terms

words used to describe disease as well as aspects of medicine and health care. Terms built from greek and latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and modern language

medical language/terminology

the use of medical terms to attain a standardized means of communication within the practice of medicine and in the healthcare industry

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

arthropathy

any disease or disorder affecting the joints

hepatic

relating to or affecting the liver

subhepatic

located or occurring directly below the liver

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hepatomegaly

enlarged liver

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

incision

-itis

inflammation

-oma

tumor

bi-

two

sub-

under

intra-

within

brady-

slow

a-

without

athr

joint

hepat

liver

ven

vein

oste

bone

arthritis

inflammation of joint

hepatits

inflammation of liver

intravenous

within a vein

osteitis

inflammation of the bone

cell

basic unit of all living things

cell membrane

boundary of the cell

cytoplasm

gel-like fluid inside the cell

nucleus

largest structure within the cell, spherical, centrally located. contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center of cellular activity

chromosomes

located in the nucleus. 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells with the exception of sex cells with 23

genes

regions within chromosomes. each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics

DNA

comprises each gene. is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell. deoxyribonucleic acid

tissue

group of similar cells that preforms a specific function

muscle tissue

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

nervous tissue

similar specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities.

connective tissue

connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. adipose (fat), osseous (bone), and blood are types of connective tissue. Fibrous tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as ligaments and tendons.

epthelial tissue

the major covering of the external surface of the body. forms membranes that line body cavities and organs, and is the major tissue in glands. gladular tissue is designed to secrete substances such as digestice enzymes.

organ

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions.

viscera

large internal organs contained in the body cavities especially in the abdominal cavity

system

group of orangs that work together to perform complex body functions

integumentary system

composed of skin, nails, and glands. forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D

respiratory system

composed of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body

urinary system

composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration

reproductive system

females are composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Males are composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction

cardiovasuclar system

composed of the heart and blood vessels. pumps and transports blood throughout the body

lymphatic and immune system

composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid

digestice system

composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.

musculoskeletal system

composed of muscle, bones, and joints. provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells

nervous system

composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages. sensory organs such as the eye and ear are also a part of the nervous system

endocrine system

composed of glands that secrete hormones. hormones regulate specific body activities

genome

complete set of information in the DNA of a specific organism

genomics

study of the genome to determine its DNA sequences and perform genetic mapping

medical genomics

uses a persons individual genome as part of their clinical care

gene therapy

procedure used to treat or prevent disease. placing mutated gene with healthy one. inactivating a mutated gene. introducing a new gene into the body.

cranial cavity

space insides the skull (cranium) containing the brain

spinal cavity

space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

space containing the hear, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

abdominal cavity

space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

pelvic cavity

space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestines, and the anus

abdominopelvic cavity

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

adeno

gland

cyto

cell

epithelio

epthelium

fibro

fiber

hemato

blood

histo

tissue

lipo

fat

myo

muscle

neuro

nerve

organo

organ

sarco

flesh/connective tissue

systemo

system

viscero

internal organs

auto

self

bio

life

cancero

cancer

carcino

cancer

cancer

a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells

crypto

hidden

necro

death

etio

knowledge

iatro

physician, medicine, treatment

leio

smooth

onco

tumor/mass

patho

disease

rhabdo

rod shaped, striated

somato

body

viro

virus

cyano

blue

erythro

red

leuko

white

melano

black

xantho

yellow

dia-

through, complete

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

hypo-

below, incomplete, deficient, under

meta-

after, beyond, change

micro-

small

neo-

new