CCNA 200-301 OBJECTIVES

1.1a What is the role and function of a Router?

- Determines the best path to available networks
- Forwards actual production traffic to those networks

1.1b What is the role and function of L2 switches

ex> Bridges, Modems, Network cards, 2-layer switches.

ROLE:
- Performs switching and forwarding of information and uses the mac addresses table to make the forwarding decisions. The unit of data at this stage is called FRAMES, so frames are transmitted at this level.

FUNCTION:
- Learning MAC addresses
- Filtering and forwarding frames
- Preventing loops on the network

1.1b What is the role and function of L3 switches

ROLE:
- They are like L2 switches, but L3 switches can perform as routers. (Multiple Ethernet ports)

FUNCTION:
- able to segregate ports into separate VLANs and perform the routing between them, a function which a layer 2 switch cannot perform.

- forwarding is performed by specialized hardware called ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)

- can only perform routing on ethernet ports

1.1c What is the role and function of NGFW (Next-Gen Firewalls) ?

NGFW requirements:
- Standard firewall capabilities such as stateful inspection
-An integrated IPS
-Application-level inspection (to block malicious or risky apps)
- The ability to leverage external security intelligence to address evolving security threats.

ROLE:
- It is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic. It allows/blocks traffic by performing simple packet filtering and stateful inspection based on ports and protocols.

FUNCTION:
- In addition to providing standard firewall functionality, can also block threats such as advanced malware and application-layer attacks

1.1c What is the role and function of IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) ?

ROLE:
- An intrusion prevention system (IPS) provides real-time detection and blocking of attacks.

1.1d What is the role and function of Access Point Devices?

ROLE:
- An access point is a device, such as a wireless router, that allows wireless devices to connect to a network.

FUNCTION:
- They have at least two network interfaces: a wireless interface that understands the details of 802.11 and a second interface to connect to wired networks.

1.1e What is the role and function of Controllers? (Cisco DNA Center)?

ROLE:
- The controller in a network that uses Cisco SDA (Cisco DNA centre and SDA are associated closely in the context of network automation)

- The controller in a non-SDA network management platform for traditional network devices.

FUNCTION:
- Provides a centralized management platform for complete management and control over the enterprise network.

- It is a software-based application that is installed in centralized Cisco DNA appliances to manage the whole network from a single place.

1.1e What is the role and function of Controllers? (WLC)?

ROLE:
- The device or the software loaded on the server that manages and controls the wireless access points and the wireless device, thereby ensuring the seamless connectivity when you move from one floor to the other floor of the office building.

FUNCTION:
- Takes care of all the wireless access from a remote location. and does all the functions like managing, administering and implementing a security policy.

1.1f What is the role and function of Endpoints?

ROLE:
- Remote computing device (laptop, desktop, smartphone, etc)

FUNCTION:
- They communicate back and forth with a network to which they are connected.

1.1g What is the role and function of Servers?

ROLE:
- A computer program that provides a service to another computer programs and their users.

FUNCTION:
- To listen in on a port for incoming network requests. Then, the request for the Web page is transmitted to the corresponding web server, and the server fetches and assembles the Web page and retransmits it using a protocol like HTTP, and, the user's browser receives the data, converts it, and displays the page.

1.2a What are some 2 tier characteristics?

- direct communication between client and server

- a presentation layer or interface runs on a client, and a data layer or data structure gets stored on a server.

- distribution and core layers collapsed into one tier, and the access layer on a separate tier.***

1.2b What are some 3 tier characteristics?

- separates applications into three logical and physical computing tiers: the presentation tier, or user interface; the application tier, where data is processed; and the data tier, where the data associated with the application is stored and managed.

- each tier runs on its own infrastructure, each tier can be developed simultaneously by a separate development team, and can be updated or scaled as needed without impacting the other tiers.

1.2c What are some Spine-leaf characteristics?

- Each device is separated by the same number of hops

- is a two-layer, full-mesh topology composed of a leaf layer and a spine layer, with the leaf and spine switches.

- SPINE: backbone of the network (layer 3 switches)

- LEAF: connects to end devices (it can be any kind of server, like web server, application server, database server, or storage server.)

- Benefits include Improved Redundancy, Improved Scalability, Increased Bandwidth, Energy Efficient, Congestion avoidance.

1.2d What are some WAN characteristics?

- connects a large number of computers connected over a large geographical area.

- provides connecting links between LAN and MAN to the network.

- speed of the data transmission is sometimes fast and sometimes slow.

- you can share applications and other resources with other users on the internet like LANs.

1.2e What are some Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) characteristics? *******************************************

- enables multiple users to share a single broadband connection.

-

1.2f What are some On-premises characteristics?

- requires that an enterprise purchases a license or a copy of the software to use it.

- the software itself is licensed and the entire instance of software resides within an organization's premises, there is generally greater protection than with a cloud computing infrastructure.

- costs associated with managing and maintaining all the solution entails can run exponentially higher than a cloud computing environment.

- costs can run exponentially high

- requires in-house server hardware, software licenses, integration capabilities, and IT employees on hand to support and manage potential issues that may arise.

1.2f What are some cloud characteristics?

- Computing services are generally provided over standard networks and heterogeneous devices.

- should have IT resources that are able to scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis

- The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical resource.

1.3a what are the two optical fiber types?

single-mode fibers
multi-mode fibers

1.3a what are the three fundamental parts of an optical fiber?

the core
the cladding
the coating/buffer

1.3a which fundamental part of an optical fiber does light travel through?

the core

1.3a which fiber is a single glass fiber strand used to transmit a single mode or ray of light? (common type of optical fiber that is used to transmit over longer distances)

single-mode fiber

1.3a which fiber is designed to carry multiple light rays or modes simultaneously, each at a marginally different reflection angle inside the optical fiber core?

multi-mode fiber

1.3a Multi-mode fiber is mainly used to transmit across comparatively shorter distances, as the modes are more likely to disperse over longer extents. This phenomenon is known as __________________________.

modal dispersion

1.3a Multi-mode fiber provides users with high bandwidth at high speeds across moderate distances.
True or False?

True

1.3a Single-mode fiber provides users with a greater transmission rate in addition to nearly 50 times longer distance as opposed to multi-mode fiber.
True or False?

True

1.3a Multi-mode fiber is more expensive than single-mode fiber.
True or False?

False

1.3a It is not advisable to mix and match fibers.
True or False?

True

1.3a what are the three fundamental diameter sizes for fiber cores?

single-mode - 9 µm
multi-mode - 62.5-µm or 50-µm

1.3a multi-mode fiber provides users with high bandwidth at high speeds across moderate distances.
True or False?

True

1.3a what cabling has been used in wiring since the days of analog landline telephones and even before?

copper

1.3a both copper and fiber optic cables can be used in sync with each other, especially in case of existing networks.
True or False?

True

1.3a what are two types of copper cables?

shielded/unshielded twisted-pair cables
coaxial cables

1.4a what media refers to designs that use hubs as networking devices or a coaxial cable run in a bus topology?

Ethernet shared media

1.4a which of the following best defines Point-to-Point connections?

All of the above

WHAT IS ETHERNET SHARED MEDIA

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