Midterm Exam Review: Urinalysis and Body Fluids

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on Urinalysis and Body Fluids, designed to aid in preparing for the midterm exam.

Urinalysis (UA)

A laboratory examination of urine, often used to assess health conditions.

Microscopy

The use of a microscope to view and analyze urine components.

Bacteria in urine

Small rods or cocci indicating possible urinary tract infections.

Yeast in urine

Small, oval organisms associated with infections or diabetes.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Biconcave cells in urine indicative of trauma or glomerular damage.

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Cells indicating inflammation or infection in the urinary system.

Parasites

Organisms such as Trichomonas or Schistosoma found in urine.

Crystals (urinary)

Solid objects formed from minerals in urine, indicating metabolic disorders.

Cast

Cylindrical structures seen in urine microscopy associated with renal disease.

Albumin test

A test to detect the presence of albumin, indicating kidney damage.

Leukocyte esterase test

A test used to detect the presence of white blood cells in urine.

Oliguria

A decrease in urine output, often related to dehydration.

Meningitis vs. Urinalysis

Differentiation of meningitis types through urinary analysis findings.

Nephrotic syndrome

A kidney disorder characterized by high protein levels in urine.

Lithotripsy

A medical procedure to break down kidney stones.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli, seen with RBC casts in urine.

Pyelonephritis

A kidney infection often indicated by WBC casts in urine.

Bacterial casts

Casts associated with bacterial infections in the kidney.

Transitional cells

Cells that line the urinary bladder and may vary in appearance.

Renal tubular epithelial cells

Cells that line the kidney tubules, indicating kidney function.

Chemical analysis

Testing urine samples for various chemical components.

Artifact in urine

Substances that mimic real structures but are not significant.

False negatives

Test results indicating no presence of a substance when it is actually present.

Safety hazards

Potential dangers in the laboratory environment, such as chemicals or biological agents.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Gear worn to minimize exposure to hazards.

Chemical hygiene plan

A written document outlining safe practices for handling hazardous chemicals.

Exposure limits

Regulations defining acceptable levels of exposure to hazardous substances.

Disinfection

The process of cleaning to eliminate pathogens from surfaces.

Biological waste disposal

Proper handling and disposal of waste materials to prevent contamination.

RACE acronym

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish - steps in fire safety response.

PASS acronym

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep - steps for using a fire extinguisher.

Infection control

Practices used to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings.

Standard precautions

Safety measures taken to prevent transmission of diseases.

Bilirubin test

Detects bilirubin in urine, indicative of liver or bile duct issues.

Nitrite test

Detects the presence of nitrites in urine, suggesting bacterial infection.

Potassium test

Evaluates the level of potassium in urine, important for electrolyte balance.

Glucose test

Used to determine the presence of glucose in urine, an indicator of diabetes.

Blood test in urine

Presence of blood, indicating potential injury or disease.

Color of urine

Varies; different colors can indicate various health conditions.

Chapters 1–9 coverage

Key material for midterm including urinalysis and related topics.

Multiple choice question

Question format where learners select the correct answer from given options.

Short-answer question

Question format requiring written responses, often scenario-based.

Picture identification

Exam format identifying substances or cells through visual cues.

Matching question

Format requiring learners to pair related items or concepts together.

Case studies

Real-world scenarios used to apply theoretical knowledge.

Specimen collection protocols

Guidelines for properly collecting and handling urine samples.

Chemical test confirmations

Methods used to verify abnormal results from initial tests.

Urine color and clinical correlations

Interpretation of urine color based on health conditions.