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trade societies
first unions were called this
Mechanics’ Union of Trade Associations
the first organization of multiple local chapters that focused on the working-class identity, not politics
Philadelphia Mechanics' Union
first union to focus on politics, by forming the Working Man’s Party
Working Man’s Party
founded by the Philadelphia Mechanics’ Union, fell due to internal infighting
National Trade Union
comprised of several city unions, it was the first national union, although it lacked lots of power
National Labor Union
founded to coordinate the national labor movement, had some success for an eight hour workday, but failed at gaining support for free silver
General Council of the Workingman’s Association off the Anthracite Coal Fields of Pennsylvania
spurred by operators creating their own organizations and loophole workday laws being passed in Pennsylvania, had success in setting sliding wages
William Sylvis
leader of National Labor Unionn
Knights of Labor
started off secret, then went public to organize all forms of labor, fell after several failed strikes and the Haymarket episode
Haymarket episode
an anarchist threw a bomb at police during a protest, killing eleven and injuring hundreds, also destroyed the reputation of unions
American Federation of Labor
replaced Knights of Labor, survived a recession and rising anti-union sentiments
Homestead strike
a metalworkers’ union strike that ended in warfare with the state militia, ended with them being replaced by non-union workers
Pullman strikes
a strike against a luxury train car company, ended with leaders in prison
Eugene V. Debs
leader of Railroad Union and led the Pullman Strikes
Samuel Gompers
leader of the American Federation of Labor
Mark Hanna
Ohio senator and Republican National Committee chairman, also McKinley’s campaign manager
National Civic Federation
established by representatives of big business and organized labor to foster mutually acceptable reforms and mediate disputes
Shamokin convention
where the miners voted to strike for reasons such as demanding recognition, an eight-hour workday, and 20% raise
April 26 meeting between operators and miners
no striking or coal reserves for a month before next meeting
“scabs”
what reports claimed union miners called non-union workers
Caroll D. Wright
Labor Commissioner, later part of the commission board
Philander Knox
Attorney General who told Roosevelt he could not interfere
W. Murray Crane
Massachusetts governor who recommended Roosevelt met with Mitchell and mine operators
October 3, 1902
date of meeting between the president and key people in strike; operators refused to agree to any compromise
John. M Schofield
had advised Cleveland’s Pullman strike, and Roosevelt planned to have him carry out his own plan
William Stone
Pennsylvania governor
Elihu Root
recommended they create a commission
Edgar E. Clark
leader of a railway conductors’ union, on the commission
Note 
Flashcard (127)