Anthracite Strike of 1902 Case Study Vocab

trade societies

first unions were called this

Mechanics’ Union of Trade Associations

the first organization of multiple local chapters that focused on the working-class identity, not politics

Philadelphia Mechanics' Union

first union to focus on politics, by forming the Working Man’s Party

Working Man’s Party

founded by the Philadelphia Mechanics’ Union, fell due to internal infighting

National Trade Union

comprised of several city unions, it was the first national union, although it lacked lots of power

National Labor Union

founded to coordinate the national labor movement, had some success for an eight hour workday, but failed at gaining support for free silver

General Council of the Workingman’s Association off the Anthracite Coal Fields of Pennsylvania

spurred by operators creating their own organizations and loophole workday laws being passed in Pennsylvania, had success in setting sliding wages

William Sylvis

leader of National Labor Unionn

Knights of Labor

started off secret, then went public to organize all forms of labor, fell after several failed strikes and the Haymarket episode

Haymarket episode

an anarchist threw a bomb at police during a protest, killing eleven and injuring hundreds, also destroyed the reputation of unions

American Federation of Labor

replaced Knights of Labor, survived a recession and rising anti-union sentiments

Homestead strike

a metalworkers’ union strike that ended in warfare with the state militia, ended with them being replaced by non-union workers

Pullman strikes

a strike against a luxury train car company, ended with leaders in prison

Eugene V. Debs

leader of Railroad Union and led the Pullman Strikes

Samuel Gompers

leader of the American Federation of Labor

Mark Hanna

Ohio senator and Republican National Committee chairman, also McKinley’s campaign manager

National Civic Federation

established by representatives of big business and organized labor to foster mutually acceptable reforms and mediate disputes

Shamokin convention

where the miners voted to strike for reasons such as demanding recognition, an eight-hour workday, and 20% raise

April 26 meeting between operators and miners

no striking or coal reserves for a month before next meeting

“scabs”

what reports claimed union miners called non-union workers

Caroll D. Wright

Labor Commissioner, later part of the commission board

Philander Knox

Attorney General who told Roosevelt he could not interfere

W. Murray Crane

Massachusetts governor who recommended Roosevelt met with Mitchell and mine operators

October 3, 1902

date of meeting between the president and key people in strike; operators refused to agree to any compromise

John. M Schofield

had advised Cleveland’s Pullman strike, and Roosevelt planned to have him carry out his own plan

William Stone

Pennsylvania governor

Elihu Root

recommended they create a commission

Edgar E. Clark

leader of a railway conductors’ union, on the commission