Glycerophospholipids (Head Groups & Charge)

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Last updated 2:17 PM on 4/16/26

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16 Terms

1

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<p>What is the simplest glycerophospholipid (no head group)?</p>

What is the simplest glycerophospholipid (no head group)?

Phosphatidic acid
X = H
Net charge at pH 7 = -1

<ul><li><p><strong>Phosphatidic acid</strong></p></li><li><p>X = <strong>H</strong></p></li><li><p>Net charge at pH 7 = <strong>-1</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

2

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<p>What head group is in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)?</p>

What head group is in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)?

Ethanolamine
Structure: —CH₂—CH₂—⁺NH₃
Net charge at pH 7 = 0

<ul><li><p><strong>Ethanolamine</strong></p></li><li><p>Structure: <strong>—CH<sub>2</sub>—CH<sub>2</sub>—<sup>+</sup>NH<sub>3</sub></strong></p></li><li><p>Net charge at pH 7 = <strong>0</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

3

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<p>What head group is in phosphatidylcholine (PC)?</p>

What head group is in phosphatidylcholine (PC)?

Choline
Structure: —CH₂—CH₂—N⁺(CH₃)₃
Net charge at pH 7 = 0

<ul><li><p><strong>Choline</strong></p></li><li><p>Structure: <strong>—CH<sub>2</sub>—CH<sub>2</sub>—N<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></strong></p></li><li><p>Net charge at pH 7 = <strong>0</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

4

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<p>What head group is in phosphatidylserine (PS)?</p>

What head group is in phosphatidylserine (PS)?

Serine
Has ⁺NH₃ and COO^-
Net charge at pH 7 = -1

<ul><li><p><strong>Serine</strong></p></li><li><p>Has<strong> <sup>+</sup>NH<sub>3</sub> </strong>and<strong> COO<sup>-</sup></strong></p></li><li><p>Net charge at pH 7 =<strong> -1</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

5

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<p>What head group is in phosphatidylglycerol (PG)?</p>

What head group is in phosphatidylglycerol (PG)?

Glycerol
Has two —OH groups
Net charge at pH 7 = -1

<ul><li><p><strong>Glycerol</strong></p></li><li><p>Has two<strong> —OH </strong>groups</p></li><li><p>Net charge at pH 7 =<strong> -1</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

6

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<p>Which glycerophospholipids are neutral at pH 7?</p>

Which glycerophospholipids are neutral at pH 7?

Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)

<ul><li><p><strong>Phosphatidylcholine</strong> (PC) </p></li><li><p><strong>Phosphatidylethanolamine</strong> (PE)</p></li></ul><p></p>

7

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<p>Which glycerophospholipids are negatively charged at pH 7?</p>

Which glycerophospholipids are negatively charged at pH 7?

Phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylglycerol

<ul><li><p><strong>Phosphatidic acid</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Phosphatidylserine</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Phosphatidylglycerol</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>

8

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<p>What is the master rule for glycerophospholipid charge?</p>

What is the master rule for glycerophospholipid charge?

Phosphate contributes -1
Adding a +1 amine can make the molecule neutral
An extra COO- gives more negative charge

<ul><li><p><strong>Phosphate contributes -1</strong></p></li><li><p>Adding a <strong>+1 amine</strong> can make the molecule <strong>neutral</strong></p></li><li><p>An extra <strong>COO- </strong>gives <strong>more negative</strong> charge</p></li></ul><p></p>

9

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<p>What is the general formula for a saturated fatty acid?</p>

What is the general formula for a saturated fatty acid?

CH₃—(CH₂)_n—COOH

10

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What does cis mean in fatty acids?

The hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond, causing a kink

11

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What does n- mean in names like n-octadecanoic acid?

Normal, unbranched chain

12

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What is the head group in phosphatidic acid?

No additional head group; X = H

13

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Why is phosphatidylserine negatively charged at pH 7?

It contains phosphate (-1) and an extra carboxylate (COO-) balanced partly by NH3+, giving net -1

14

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Why are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine neutral at pH 7?

Their positive amine balances the negative phosphate, giving net 0

15

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What is special about choline compared with ethanolamine?

Choline has a quaternary ammonium group, N+(CH3)3, with a permanent positive charge

16

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What is special about glycerol as a phospholipid head group?

Glycerol has hydroxyl groups and does not add a positive charge, so phosphatidylglycerol remains net -1