FDSC 150: Food, Culture, Religion, and Society

Comprehensive flashcard review set containing exactly 100 questions and answers covering all topics from the four food science lecture sources.

Who stated the famous line, "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are"?

Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin

According to Plutarch (46-120 AD), why do human beings sit at the table together?

"We do not sit at the table only to eat, but to eat together."

Approximately how many years ago did rudimentary agriculture and farming begin?

Approximately $12,000$ years ago

What discovery in South Africa in 2012 provided evidence of early humans using fire?

Ash inside a cave dating back $1\text{--}1.5\text{ million}$ years ago

What unique behavior distinguishes humans from all other animals regarding food preparation?

Humans are the only animals who cook their food

What is the purpose of placing blessed butter on a newborn baby's nose in Tibetan birth rituals?

It symbolizes good health, longevity, and plenty of food

What ritual occurs in Japan approximately 100 days after a baby's birth?

A single grain of rice is placed on the baby's tongue to symbolize acceptance into the community (momoka iwai / okuizome)

What traditional food is eaten in the Southern United States on New Year's Day for luck and prosperity?

Black-eyed peas

Why is red snapper traditionally eaten during New Year's celebrations in Japan?

Because the color red represents good luck

What New Year's tradition is practiced in Spain during the final chimes of the clock?

Popping $12$ grapes into the mouth to symbolize $12$ lucky months ahead

What Tibetan New Year (Losar) noodle soup features nine main vegetarian ingredients?

Guthuk

In the Tibetan Guthuk New Year tradition, what does finding the dough ball symbol "Tsal" (salt) signify?

It refers to a lazy person

What is the symbolic meaning of eating apples dipped in honey during Rosh Hashanah?

It is symbolic of a sweet new year to come

What traditional Christmas meal is served in Hungary?

Chicken paprikash

What is the Italian Christmas Eve dinner tradition described in the lecture?

Eating a meatless meal featuring zuppa di pesce (fish stew)

What traditional Hanukkah food is cooked in oil to symbolize the temple lamp oil burning for 8 days?

Latkes (potato pancakes)

In France, what chocolate treats are associated with April Fools' Day ("poisson d'Avril")?

Chocolate treats shaped like fish

What traditional Halloween dishes are prepared in Ireland?

Colcannon (mashed potatoes and kale) and Barmbrack (Irish fruitcake)

According to lecture statistics, what percentage of women eat for comfort during the holidays compared to the rest of the year?

$41\text{\%}$ during the holidays compared to $31\text{\%}$ during the rest of the year

What is identified as the number one cause of binge eating?

Stress

What five foods are listed as consistent favorite American comfort foods?

Pot roast, mashed potatoes, meatloaf, fried chicken, and macaroni and cheese

What percentage of people reward themselves after exercise by consuming as many calories as they burned, according to the Duke University Study?

$$20\text{\%}$$

How many hot dogs and buns did Joey Chestnut eat to win the 2021 Nathan's men's hot dog eating contest?

$76$ hot dogs (and buns) in $10\text{ minutes}$

What eating achievement did student Paine Leffler accomplish in Fall 2016 for FDSC 150?

Ate a $5\text{ lb}$ "Monster Burger" in $45\text{ minutes}$ at the "Corner Pub in The Woods" in Bellevue, TN

What six foods are highlighted as being born in the USA?

Buffalo wings, Reuben Sandwich, Chocolate Chip Cookies, Ranch Dressing, Corndogs, and Pecan Pie

Where did soul food originate historically?

In the Deep South (Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama)

What weekly pork rations were typically given to enslaved Africans in the Deep South?

"Scraps" low in quality, such as pork head, ribs, feet, and organs

In what year was the term "Soul Food" first used in print?

1964

What soul food vegetable component likely originated in Ethiopia?

Okra

What name was given to the nutrient-dense broth left over after slow-cooking collard greens with pork fat and seasonings?

"Pot likker"

Who created pre-packaged pancake flour in 1888 under Pearl Milling Company?

Chris Rutt and Charles Underwood

What minstrel show tune written by Billy Kersands inspired the naming of Aunt Jemima pancake flour?

"Old Aunt Jemima"

Who was hired in 1890 as the first real-life spokesperson for Aunt Jemima?

Nancy Green, a 56-year-old former slave from Kentucky living in Chicago

What new brand name replaced Aunt Jemima in February 2021?

Pearl Milling Company

Who created the Cream of Wheat logo character "Rastus" in 1893?

Emery Mapes (based on the Brer Rastus character created by Joel Chandler Harris in 1880)

In what month and year did B&G Foods remove the character "Rastus" from Cream of Wheat packaging?

September 2020

Who partnered with Erich Huzenlaub in 1932 to form Converted Rice, Inc., which later became Uncle Ben's?

Frank Mars

Who posed for the portrait used on Uncle Ben's rice packaging starting in 1946?

Frank Brown, a maître d' at a Chicago restaurant

What new name did Uncle Ben's adopt in September 2020?

Ben's Original

Which company originally created Mrs. Butterworth's syrup in 1961?

Unilever

Which actress who played "Prissy" in Gone With the Wind was alleged to have modeled for the original Mrs. Butterworth's bottle?

Thelma "Butterfly" McQueen

Who invented Fritos corn chips in San Antonio, Texas, in 1932?

Charles E. (C.E.) Doolin

What was the name of the controversial Fritos mascot introduced in 1967 and retired in 1971?

Frito Bandito

Who invented America's first chocolate-covered ice cream bar originally called the "I-Scream Bar"?

Christian Kent Nelson

Who suggested the name "Eskimo Pie" for the chocolate-covered ice cream bar?

Mrs. Russell Stover

What new name was given to Eskimo Pie in June 2020 by Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream?

Edy's Pie

What was the name of the Native American woman featured on Land O'Lakes butter packaging from 1928 until April 2020?

Mia

What was C.B. Stubblefield's nickname and military role before opening his famous BBQ joint?

Nicknamed "Stubb", he was a former mess Sergeant during the Korean War

What lunch counter did 19-year-old William (Bill) Darden open in Waycross, Georgia, in 1938 that defied Jim Crow laws?

The Green Frog

What restaurant chain was established by Bill Darden in Lakeland, Florida, in 1968?

Red Lobster Inn (later Red Lobster)

According to Roman Catholic dietary rules, how long must believers abstain from food prior to receiving communion?

At least one hour

What is the duration and timing of daily fasting during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan?

Fasting occurs from sunrise to sunset for $30$ consecutive days

How often and for how long do devout Hindus observe strict fasting without food or water?

For $1.5\text{ days}$ every $2\text{ weeks}$

What categories of individuals are explicitly excused from religious fasting requirements?

Pregnant or nursing women, people with illnesses (e.g. diabetes), those recovering from surgery, malnourished individuals, young children, frail elderly, and people with disabilities

In Roman Catholic theology, what term describes the belief that bread and wine transform into the physical body and blood of Christ?

Transubstantiation

What dietary restrictions are practiced by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons)?

Avoidance of caffeine and alcohol

What date marks the religious celebration of Epiphany, which originally inspired King Cake?

January 6 (also known as Twelfth Night)

What do the three distinct colors of a King Cake represent?

Purple represents justice, green represents faith, and gold represents power

What is the duration of the major Jewish fast on Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)?

$25\text{ hours}$, from sundown to 1 hour after sunset the following day

What four stages of the Exodus are represented by the four cups of Seder wine consumed during Passover?

Freedom, deliverance, redemption, and hope

Under Jewish Kosher laws, what land animals are permitted for consumption?

Animals with cloven hooves that chew the cud (e.g. sheep, cattle, goats, deer, and bison)

What aquatic features must a water animal possess to be considered Kosher?

It must have scales

Name four animal groups that are strictly forbidden under Kosher law.

Pigs, camels, rabbits, and birds of prey (also rodents, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and shellfish)

What fundamental mixing restriction applies to meat and dairy under Jewish Kosher dietary law?

Meat and dairy cannot be cooked, served, or eaten together, requiring separate utensils

What term designates Kosher foods that contain neither meat nor dairy ingredients?

Pareve

Why does Coca-Cola produce a special Kosher for Passover bottle with a yellow cap in certain markets?

It uses real sugar instead of high-fructose corn syrup derived from corn

What USDA regulation standard applies to mechanical captive bolt stunners in livestock slaughter?

CFR, Title 9, Part 313.15

Why are Kosher and Halal slaughter exempt from standard USDA mechanical stunning regulations?

To allow for complete exsanguination (draining of blood) while the animal's heart is still beating, as consuming blood is strictly forbidden

What Islamic terms mean "permitted" and "prohibited" regarding food?

Halal means permitted, and Haram means prohibited

Why can standard vanilla extract present a challenge under Islamic dietary laws?

Because vanilla extract contains alcohol, which is considered Haram

What natural coloring agent derived from female cochineal beetles is used in Yoplait Strawberry yogurt?

Carmine (cochineal extract)

What does the word "Rosh Hashanah" mean in Hebrew?

"Head of the Year" (Jewish New Year)

What is the name of the traditional Irish potato and kale dish served on Halloween?

Colcannon

What rule regarding food preparation is observed by Roman Catholics on Fridays during Lent?

Abstaining from eating meat

What does the term "Halal" literally mean in Arabic?

Permissible

Who wrote in 1738, "He was a bold man that first ate an oyster"?

Jonathan Swift

What is Nihari, a traditional hearty breakfast dish eaten in Pakistan?

A stew made from beef sirloin or shank pieces

What traditional breakfast soup containing meat, scallion, and egg is popular in Colombia?

Changua

What is tamago kake gohan in traditional Japanese cuisine?

A dish of raw egg mixed into steamed white rice

What is durian, and why is it banned in many public areas in Southeast Asia?

A spiny green fruit with a creamy center known for its extremely strong, sewer-like odor

What is Balut, a popular street food in the Philippines?

An embryonic duck egg ($14\text{--}21\text{ days}$ old) that is boiled and eaten with salt and beer

How is a Chinese 100-Year-Old Egg (Century Egg) preserved?

Raw egg is preserved in a mixture of clay, ash, lime, salt, and rice hulls for several weeks to several months

What is the typical pH level of a Century Egg?

Highly alkaline, with a pH of $9\text{--}12$

How long is Southern country ham cured and aged before consumption?

Salt-cured for $1\text{--}3\text{ months}$ and aged for several months up to $2\text{--}3\text{ years}$

What is the difference between Prosciutto crudo and Prosciutto cotto?

Prosciutto crudo is uncooked cured ham, whereas Prosciutto cotto is cooked ham

What is the main distinction between Japanese Sushi and Sashimi?

Sushi consists of flavored rice combined with other ingredients, while Sashimi is sliced raw fish served without rice

What ingredient substituted for raw tuna in the creation of the California Roll during the 1970s?

Avocado

What event is held annually on the first Saturday after Thanksgiving in Salley, South Carolina?

The Chitlin Strut (Chitterlings Festival)

What ingredient forms bird's nest soup, a Chinese delicacy known as the "caviar of the East"?

Nests of swift birds made almost entirely from the male swift's saliva

What is Vegemite made from?

A dark, salty, bitter yeast extract paste that is a leftover by-product of beer brewing

Why was deer penis wine banned during the 2008 Beijing Olympics?

Due to concerns over potential banned substance contaminants

What is Khash, a traditional dish eaten in the Middle East and Eastern Europe?

A heavy stew made from simmered cow or sheep feet and head

What is Black Pudding?

A blood sausage made of congealed blood mixed with seasonings, pork fat/beef suet, and oatmeal

How are "drunken shrimp" prepared and served in Chinese dining?

Live shrimp are stunned in strong liquor (baijiu) and eaten alive, usually biting the head off first

What are "Mountain oysters" (or Rocky Mountain oysters)?

Sliced and deep-fried bull testicles, popular in the American West and Canadian Prairies

What is Casu Marzu, and why was it made illegal in 1962?

A Sardinian sheep's milk cheese containing live maggots that digest the fats; illegal due to food health/safety laws

How is Scandinavian Lutefisk processed using lye?

Dried cod is soaked in water for $5\text{--}6\text{ days}$, then in a lye solution for $2\text{ days}$ ($\text{pH } 11\text{--}12$), and soaked again in cold water for $4\text{--}6\text{ days}$

What is Surströmming, and where does it originate?

Salted, fermented Baltic herring from Sweden fermented for over $6\text{ months}$, known for its extremely putrid smell

What deadly toxin is contained in the organs of the Japanese puffer fish (Fugu)?

Tetrodotoxin

What is Haggis, the national dish of Scotland?

A dish made of sheep liver, lungs, and heart minced with onion, oatmeal, salt, and spices, stuffed inside a sheep's stomach and boiled for about $3\text{ hours}$