ADVANCED BIOLOGY - Skeletal System: MIDTERM (2ND SEM)

Femur

is the longest and strongest bone of the human skeleton..

Skeleton

supports the body, protects internal organs, provides for movement, sores mineral reserves, and provides site for blood cell formation.

206

How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?

Axial Skeleton

supports the central axis of the body

8

The skull is made up of how many bones?

26

The vertebral column has ________ vertebrae with intervertebral disk between each vertebrae.

Spinal Column

protects the spinal cord.

Intervertebral disk

serves as shock absorbers between each vertebrae

5

how many pairs are false ribs?

Costae/Ribs

responsible for Hematopoiesis or the production of blood

Appendicular Skeleton

consists of the extremities of the body

Wrist Bones

comprised of 8 carpals

Hand Bones

comprised of 5 metacarpals

Finger Bones

comprised of 14 phalanges

Distal Phalanx

Name the bone.

Proximal Phalanx

Name the bone.

Trapezium

Name the bone.

Capitate

Name the bone.

Hamate

Name the bone.

Pisiform

Name the bone.

Lunate

Name the bone.

Scaphoid

Name the bone.

Pelvic girdle

structure to which the leg bones are attached

Patella

name the bone.

tibia

Name the bone.

Fibula

Name the bone.

Talus

Name this specific bone of the foot.

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

Proximal epiphysis

the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body

Frontal bone

Name the bone.

Maxilla

Name the bone.

Mandible

Name the bone.

Clavicle

Name the bone.

Scapula

Name the bone.

Sternum

Name the bone.

Parietal bone

Name the bone.

Occipital Bone

Name the bone

Ribs

Name the bone.

Costal Cartilage

Vertebral Column

Name the bone

Humerus

Name the bone.

Ulna

Name the bone.

Radius

Name the bone.

phalanges

these are called?

Metacarpal

these are called?

Bones

solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts.

Periosteum

tough layer of connective tissue surrounding the bone

Compact Bone

forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones which functions to primarily to provide strength and protection to bones.

Spongy Bone

houses the bone marrow, allow for RBCs formation or erythropoiesis, and allow bones to be less dense and more light. It also allows flexibility.

Bone Marrow

a soft tissue within bone cavities.

Yellow Marrow

made up primarily of fat cells usually found in round bones.

Red Marrow

produces red blood cells, some kinds of white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets.

Ossification

the process of bone formation where cartilage is replaced by bone.

Osteoblast

creates bone.

Osteocytes

maintain the cellular activities of bone.

Osteoclasts

break down bone.

Joints

a place where one bone attaches to another bone.

cartilage

- a type of connective tissue scattered in a network of protein fibers - tough collagen and flexible elastin.

- does not contain blood vessels and rely on nutrients from the tiny blood vessels in surrounding tissues.

7

Ossification begins to take place up to ___________ months before birth.

Immovable Joints

-Synarthrosis

- allow no movement.

- the bones are interlocked and held together by connective tissue, or they are fused.

- the places where the bones in the skull meet are examples of immovable joints.

Slightly movable joints

-Amphiarthrosis

- permit a small amount of restricted movement

- the bones are separated from each other

- the joints between the two bones of the lower leg and the joints between adjacent vertebrae are examples of this

Freely Movable Joint

- permit movement in one or more directions

- grouped according to the shapes of the surfaces of

Ball and Socket joints

permit circular movement

Hinge Joint

Permit back and forth motion

Pivot Joints

allow one bone to rotate around another

Ligaments

attached to membranes that surround bones and hold the bones together

Synovial Fluid

produced by the cells in the other layer of the joint capsule

Inflammation

the body's response when a tissue is damaged

-Swelling, redness, heat, and pain

Kyphosis

abnormal rounding of the spine that occurs in the upper and mid back

- poor posture

- present at birth

-genetics

Rickets

bone softening disease that causes severe bowing of the legs, poor growth and sometimes causes muscle pain and weakness

- lack of Vitamin D

- not enough Calcium

- kidney and liver diseases

Arthritis

inflammation, swelling, redness of a joint

- cartilage is wearing away

- lack of Synovial fluid

Osteoporosis

bone tissue becomes brittle, thin, and spongy

- hereditary

- gender

- ethnicity

- history of broken bones lowbodyweight

Bone Tumor

abnormal growth of cells within the bone that may be non cancerous orcancerous

- hereditary

- radiation

- trauma

Scoliosis

causes the spine to curve to the left or right side

- present at birth

- hereditary

Sprain

an injury that happens when the ligaments get overstretched ortorn

Fracture

commonly occur when a person has fallen, an object has been dropped on them, or the bone has been tilted