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1st Amendment
Civil Liberties (natural rights guaranteed by the Constitution):
*Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and to petition the gov't
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms & militia
3rd Amendment
No quartering (housing) troops without consent
4th Amendment
protect searches and seizures (search warrant)
- need probable cause
5th Amendment
(1) No Double Jeopardy - can't be tried for the same crime twice
(2) Eminent Domain - your property can't be taken from you without gov't paying for it
(3) No Self-Incrimination - "right to remain silent"
6th Amendment
Right to a fair, speedy trial with witnesses
7th Amendment
Right to jury in civil trials over $20
8th Amendment
No cruel and unusual punishment,
no excessive bail or fines
9th Amendment
rights not specified by the constitution, belong to the people, not the federal gov't
10th Amendment
the Federal Government only has those powers specifically listed in the Constitution (enumerated powers). If it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or people.
(ex.- President says all teachers must be vaccinated, but the governors of each state can say no)
11th Amendment
One State cannot be sued by another state
12th Amendment
procedure of electing the president and vice president
- separate Electoral College votes for President and Vice President
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery.
14th Amendment
1) Gives all citizens equal protection under law
2) All persons born in the U.S. are citizens
- protected African Americans from slave codes
15th Amendment
States cannot deny any person the right to vote based on race or color
16th Amendment
Gave Congress the power to tax income
17th Amendment
Established that people directly elect senators
18th Amendment
Prohibits the sale, production, and distribution of alcohol
19th Amendment
women's right to vote
20th Amendment
Changed dates of congress and president terms
(Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th)
"Lame-duck" Amendment
21st Amendment
Repeal of 18th Amendment (prohibiting alcohol)
22nd Amendment
Limits the president to two terms
23rd Amendment
Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state
24th Amendment
Abolished poll tax
25th Amendment
Gave procedure for Presidential succession
26th Amendment
lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)
27th Amendment
gave rules for congressional pay raises
(not to begin until the next election)