PT exam midterm

body functions

physiological functions of body systems

body structures

anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and thier components

impairments

problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss

activity

the execution of a task or action by an individual

participation

involvement in a life situation

activity limitations

difficulties an individual may have in executing activities

participation restrictions

problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations

environmental factors

make up the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives

Movement assessment

1. What is the task that is occurring and under what conditions?

2. Is the movement typical or atypical?

3. Is the movement optimal or suboptimal?

passive ROM (P-rom)

measures total amount of available motion at the joint (standard measurement); pt does nothing

active ROM (A-rom)

measures how willing the individual is to move, some degree of strength (does not give info about joint motion)

ROM indications

1. when joint mobility may be contributing to an individual's activity or participation limitations

2. determine health well being of a joint

3. before we measure the strength of a muscle

ROM contraindications/precautions

1. if passive movement of the joint will cause injury

2. if limited by health condition (surgery/fracture)

standardization of ROM

standard testing position, size and type of goni, boney landmarks, record start and end

Hard end feel

bone on bone; elbow EXT

Soft end feel

soft tissue; elbow/knee FLX

firm end feel

capsule; MCP joint extension

treatment plane

parallel to the deepest point of concavity on the concave joint surface

When do we assess joint play?

1. Assess structural integrity

2. Different quality of movement

3. Limited ROM

4. Pain in passive ROM

Joint play indications

1. Make inference about joint function

2. Determine the type of resistance between joint surfaces

3. Determine any tissue injury or inflammatory process

4. Determine level of pateints pain/tolerance to movement

Joint play contraindications

1. Fear on the part of the patient or therapist

2. Red flags including signs of neoplasm, fracture, or systemic disturbance

3. Rheumatoid collagen disease

What is joint play assessing?

available mobility of the capsule and supporting ligaments, pain provocation, pain alleviation

What is sensation?

the ability to perceive stimuli from the body & environment

sensory information dorsal column

discriminatory touch, proprioception

sensory information anterolateral system

crude touch, nociception

deep tendon reflexes

monosynaptic reflex loop

What does the PNS do in reflex testing?

excitatory response of the agonist, inhibitory response of the antagonist

What does the CNS do in reflex testing?

Controls the intensity of the response

myotome

group of muscles that are most representative of a single spinal nerve innervation

dermatome

an area of skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal nerve root

what is strength?

the maximum force a muscle or group of muscles can generate at a specified speed or determined velocity

isotonic

testing of strength using constant external resistance

isokinetic

measuring muscle performance by resistance through ROM at a constant velocity

isometric

testing of the muscle against an immovable force so muscle remains at constant length

one joint muscle resistance muscle testing

resistance at end range

two joint muscle resistance muscle testing

resistance at mid-range