Chapter 8 (aquatic biodiversity)

polyps

colonies that make up the coral reefs

• secrete calcium carbonate

• symbiotic relationship with algae

Zooxanthellae

(single celled algae) provide food to the coral which results in photosynthesis

overturns

• caused by seasons (spring and fall)

• equalizes temp in water

• O2 sent to bottom - nutrients sent to top

• during summer and winter- more divide and layers

• in temperate lakes

phytoplankton

plant (single celled plants or bacteria) algae

zooplankton

animal (jellyfish) ones that drift with water

ultraplankton

small free drifting organisms (includes zooplankton and phytoplankton)

Nekton

able to swim against currents fish/ turtles/ whales

benthos

bottom dwellers

ocean acidification

costal zone

• warm

• nutrient rich

• shallow water

• <10 % of ocean

• > 90% of marine life

open sea

• cold

• not as much nutrients

• deep

• > 90% of ocean

• <10 % of marine life

Mangroves

a group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone

• place for fish to hide

• absorbs CO2

• produces O2

• slows coastal erosion

• habitat for birds

Watershed

an area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet

oligotrophic lakes

• poorly nourished

• newly formed

• rocky bottom

• steep sides

• clear

eutrophic lakes

• well nourished

• excessive plant growth

• algae

• shallow/ sandy (less rocks)

• gentle slope

mesotrophic lake

having a moderate amount of dissolved nutrients

cultural eutrophication

• humans input on nutrients (acceleration process)

estuary

mix of fresh and saltwater (salt marshes or mangrove trees) the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream

intertidal zone

between high and low tide

• changing temp

• changing salinity

• wave action

• desiccation

barrier island

stop erosion and protect shores

euphotic zone

• light

• sunlight penetrates

• low nutrients

• high photosynthesis - high O2

bathyal zone

• some light

• little dark

abyssal zone

• low temp

• low O2 - low photosynthesis

• high pressure

• high nutrients

• blind animals

source (river)

• fastest water

• at top

• cold temp - high oxygen

• clear (turgid)

transition (river)

• quick water

• picks up some sediments and nutrients

food plain (river)

• sediment deposited

• flat

• fertile and nutrient rich

• flows into ocean

• warmest water - (low O2?)

• turbid

littoral (lake)

• near shore

• shallow

• plants

• light

• high biodiversity

limnetic (lake)

• not near shore

• top layer

• light

profundal (lake)

• darker

• lower biodiversity

benthic

• bottom level

• decomposers

percent competition

pop of organism/ total pop

EPT/ midge

ept- intolerant species in water (mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies)

high ratio - better quality