Forensics Unit 10 Test Review

Agglutination

Network of clumped blood cells called coagulated blood.

Antibody

Y-shaped protein made by white blood cells that circulates in the bloodstream as part of our immune system.

Antigen

Proteins on the outside of the red blood cells that match blood type.

Antigen-antibody response

Reaction in which antibodies attach to a specific antigen.

Blood

Circulating tissues made of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Blood transports nutrients and waste in and out of cells like oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste, vitamins, and minerals.

Plasma

Carries antibodies, hormones, clotting factors, nutrients, amino acids, salt, and minerals throughout the body.

Platelets

Clotting (coagulation) factors in the plasma that help repair damaged blood vessels.

Red Blood Cells

DNA-less cells that transport respiratory gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste from all parts of the body.

White Blood Cells

Cells that contain nucleus DNA and work with the immune system to destroy infectious agents (pathogens) by digesting it or secreting antibodies.

What antigen is type A?

Antigen A

What antibody is type A?

Antibody B

What antigen is type B?

Antigen B

What antibody is type B?

Antibody A

What antigen is type AB?

Both antigen A & B

What antibody is type AB?

Neither antibody A/B

What antigen is type O?

Neither antigen A/B

What antibody is type O?

Antibody A/B

What blood type is the universal receiver?

Type AB

What blood type is the universal donor?

Type O

What 4 types of evidence is blood type?

Indirect, physical, biological, & class

What 4 types of evidence is blood containing white blood cells?

Indirect, physical, biological, & individual

Why do crime scene investigators locate and analyze blood evidence?

Blood evidence is analyzed to determine if the evidence is consistent with the account of the suspects. (Blood tells a story.)

T or F? Blood typing is used to exclude a suspect rather than to identify a suspect

True

What is suspect 1’s blood type?

What blood type can they donate to?

Type A+

Can donate to: A+ and AB+

What is suspect 2’s blood type?

What blood type can they donate to?

Type O+

Can donate to all 3 POSITIVE blood types (A+,B+,AB+)

Can a positive blood type donate to a negative blood type?

No

Can a negative blood type donate to a positive blood type?

No

If you are Rh+, can you receive to +/-?

You can receive to both Rh+ and Rh-.

If you are Rh-, can you receive to +/-?

You can only receive Rh-.

Area of Convergence

Angle of Impact

Point of Origin

Kastle-Meyer Test

Luminol

How do the spines and satellites change as the height from which the drop falls increases?

Will the drop size continue to increase as the height increase or is there a pint at which the drop diameter will remain the same? If yes, why? If no, why not?

Low velocity drop size

More than 4mm

Medium velocity drop size

1-4mm

High velocity drop size

less than 1mm

Low velocity injury examples

Medium velocity injury examples

High velocity injury examples

Arterial Gush

Arterial gush example

severed artery due to injury or attack

Cast-off pattern

Blood released from a moving, bloody object

Cast-off pattern example

Repeated striking with a weapon. Strike 2 begins with the pattern.

Expired blood pattern

Blood blown out from nose, mouth, or wound due to air flow.

Expired blood pattern example

Injury causing internal bleeding, body trying to expel blood

Passive blood pattern

round drops or pools of blood caused by the force of gravity

Passive pattern blood example

Person walking while bleeding

Swipe blood pattern

Created by moving object leaving a bloodstain

Swipe blood pattern example

Bloody hand moving from wall

Transfer/contact blood pattern

When a wet, bloody object comes in contact with a target surface

Transfer/blood pattern example

Person stepped in blood or pressed a hand on a bloody surface & transferred blood

Void blood pattern

Object blocks the deposition of blood spatter

Void blood pattern

Object moved after injury occurred

Wipe blood pattern

An object moving through a partially dry bloodstain

Wipe blood pattern example

Trying to clean up or remove blood from a surface

How is “invisible“ or traces of blood detected at a crime scene?

What is the proper way to collect blood evidence? How is it stored?

Blood is a transportation and communication system. What does this mean?

Blood is a transportation system that allows communication between cells and organs using the bloodstream and also hormones.