{Skin} Pathophysiology Final

Cellulitis

_____a bacterial infection of the deeper layers of skin; typically entering through a break in the skin (staph aureus is the most common)

Impetigo

_____a bacterial infection causing reddish sores around the nose/mouth that rupture and form a honey colored lesion

Herpes simplex type 1

______a viral infection causing cold sores or fever blisters, primarily around the mouth and lips.

Candida

_____a fungal infection caused by excessive yeast; typically in moist areas of the body

Tinea Capitis

______(scalp ringworm) a fungal infection of the scalp and hair, causing symptoms like hair loss, scaly patches, and itching; mostly found in children

Tinea Corporis

_______(body ringworm) a fungal infection of the skin that causes a red, itchy, ring shaped rash on the body

Tinea Pedis

_______(athlete’s foot) a fungal infection of the skin on the feet; characterized by an itchy, cracked or scaly rash

Epidermis

_______the outermost layer of skin, a physical barrier that protects the body from external threats

Dermis

_______the inner layer of the two main layers of skin; contains connective tissue, blood vessels, oil, hair follicles and sweat glands

Subcutaneous tissue

_______(hypodermis) the deepest layer of skin located beneath the dermis; primarily consisting of adipose (fat) tissue

Skin

______prevents excessive fluid loss, aids in controlling body temperature, synthesis of vitamin D and provides sensory perception; the body’s first line of defense

Pruritus

_______the medical term for itching

Skin Lesions

_______abnormal growth/appearance to the skin

Macules

_______small, flat, nonpalpable (unable to feel) lesions less than < 10mm

Vitiligo

_____small areas of hypopigmentation

Melasma

_______patches of darker skin

Albinism

_______lack of melanin production

Papules

______elevated lesions usually less than < 10mm

Plaques

______palpable lesions that are greater than > 10mm; typically elevated or depressed compared to the skin surface

Normal Flora

_______the community of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that naturally inhabit the surface of skin on a living organism or on an inanimate object

Inflammatory Process

_______is always the same process regardless of cause

Inflammatory Process Steps

________damaged mast cells release histamine leading to vasodilation (heat, redness), swelling/edema caused by the sift of protein and fluid into the interstitial space, pain results from increased pressure of fluid on the nerves and local irritation of the nerves by bradykinin

Interstitial Space

_______the fluid-filled area between cells where the diffusion of nutrients and waste takes place; a bridge between the intracellular (inside cells) and intravascular (within blood vessels) compartments

Contact Dermatitis

_______a skin rash caused by contact with an irritant or allergen

Urticaria

_______(hives) a skin reaction characterized by itchy, raised welts or bumps that can vary in size and shape

Atopic Dermatitis

________(eczema) a chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy and inflamed skin

Eosinophilia

________a condition characterized by an abnormally high number of eosinophils (WBC) in the blood; usually in reaction to an allergen

Remove trigger and provide steroid medication or anti-histamines

____________as treatment for inflammation response

Squamous Cell Cancer

________often appearing as a hard lump with a scaly surface; typically develops on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, and hands.

Basal Cell Cancer

_________ found in the deepest part of the outer layer of the epidermis; usually appear as shiny bumps, red patches, or open sores on sun-exposed areas like the face, head, neck, and arms.

Melanoma

_________a type of skin cancer that starts in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes

ABCDE

_______are checked if melanoma is considered; asymmetry, borders, color, diameter and evolving