Study of Philippine History and Society

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts, historical figures, and socio-economic systems from Philippine history and cultural studies as discussed in the lecture.

Kamalayang Pangkasaysayan

The knowledge and understanding of a nation's history that serves as a guide for decision-making in the present and future.

Ilaya

Communities located in high places such as mountains and hills, primarily engaged in agriculture and hunting.

Ilawod

Communities located along coasts, rivers, and seas, primarily involved in fishing, trading, and boat making.

Igorot

An indigenous group from the Cordillera mountains in Luzon known for maintaining their culture and building the Banaue Rice Terraces.

Binukot

A woman sequestered from the community as a keeper of culture, traditions, oral epics, and songs, symbolizing beauty and dignity.

Moro

Muslim groups residing in Mindanao and Sulu who maintained a stable Sultanate and resisted Spanish colonization.

Badjao

Known as 'Sea Gypsies' or 'Taong-Dagat,' they live in house-boats called Lepa-Lepa and are skilled divers.

Animismo

The ancient Filipino belief that all things in nature, including humans, plants, and animals, possess a soul.

Bathala

The highest being and source of blessings in the ancient Filipino religious belief system.

Hiyas

The Filipino term for jewelry, traditionally made of gold and used as ornaments, social status symbols, or spiritual tools.

Anting-anting

Also known as agimat; sacred objects made of metal, wood, or paper believed to provide protection, luck, and strength.

Ginhawa

A vital concept in Filipino culture referring to life force, which includes physical comfort, clear thinking, and a clean heart or inner self.

Manunggul Jar

An artifact from Palawan that serves as evidence of ancient Filipino beliefs in the journey of the soul to the afterlife.

Babaylan

Religio-spiritual leaders and healers in ancient Philippine society who used herbal medicine and performed rituals.

Hilot

A traditional Filipino physical therapy for sprains and other ailments, involving techniques such as adampi, pahaplos, and papisil.

Balis

Also known as usog; a condition involving dizziness or stomach pain believed to be caused by the energy of another person.

Personal na Paniniwala

Individual perspectives or principles held as true, often influenced by family and personal experiences.

Panlipunang Paniniwala

Collective acceptance of traditions and culture that identifies a group as a unified community.

Protestante

A branch of Christianity introduced by Americans, originating from the protests of Martin Luther against the Catholic Church.

Armadong Pakikibaka

Armed struggle; the use of physical force or weapons to resist oppression, colonization, or dictatorship.

Payapang Pakikibaka

Peaceful struggle; a form of resistance that avoids violence and relies on dialogue and unity.

Kilusang Propaganda

A reform movement led by Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano López Jaena that used writing to advocate for changes.

Tamblot

A babaylan from Bohol who led a personal uprising to return to animism after losing his leadership position.

Francisco Dagohoy

The leader of one of the longest uprisings in Philippine history, lasting 85 years after his brother was denied a Christian burial.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain who lived in the Philippines, ranking at the top of the colonial social hierarchy.

Indio

The derogatory term used by the Spanish to describe the native inhabitants of the Philippines.

Polo y Servicio

A Spanish colonial policy of forced labor imposed on Filipino men.

Bandala

A system where farmers were forced to sell their crops to the Spanish government at low prices.

Encomienda

The system where the Spanish crown granted lands to colonizers, who were empowered to collect taxes from the inhabitants.

GEACPS

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; the Japanese wartime policy aimed at removing Western influence and promoting Asian identity.