Holt McDougal United States History Beginnings to 1877 Chapter 2

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28 Terms

1
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Erik the Red

a Viking who founded the first Norse settlement in Greenland

2
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Leif Eriksson

regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland)

<p>regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland)</p>
3
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Prince Henry the Navigator

king of Portugal; responsible for advances that would make exploration more successful

<p>king of Portugal; responsible for advances that would make exploration more successful</p>
4
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astrolabe

a device that enabled navigation to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars

<p>a device that enabled navigation to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars</p>
5
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caravels

ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind

<p>ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind</p>
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Treaty of Tordesillas

moved the imaginary Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west

<p>moved the imaginary Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west</p>
7
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Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator; his crew is the first to circumnavigate the globe

<p>Portuguese navigator; his crew is the first to circumnavigate the globe</p>
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circumnavigate

go all the way around the globe

<p>go all the way around the globe</p>
9
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Columbian Exchange

the exchange of goods between Europe and its colonies in North and South America

<p>the exchange of goods between Europe and its colonies in North and South America</p>
10
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conquistador

soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas

<p>soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas</p>
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Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador; conquered the Aztecs under Moctezuma II

<p>Spanish conquistador; conquered the Aztecs under Moctezuma II</p>
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Moctezuma II

last ruler of the Aztecs

<p>last ruler of the Aztecs</p>
13
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Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador; conquered the Incas under Atahualpa

<p>Spanish conquistador; conquered the Incas under Atahualpa</p>
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Atahualpa

last Incan king of Peru

<p>last Incan king of Peru</p>
15
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Juan Ponce de León

Spanish explorer; discovered the coast of present-day Florida; searched for a mythical Fountain of Youth

<p>Spanish explorer; discovered the coast of present-day Florida; searched for a mythical Fountain of Youth</p>
16
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Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Spanish conquistador; hoped to conquer the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola)

<p>Spanish conquistador; hoped to conquer the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola)</p>
17
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encomienda system

gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work; in exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect Native American people and convert them to Christianity

<p>gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work; in exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect Native American people and convert them to Christianity</p>
18
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plantations

large farms that grew just one kind of crop

<p>large farms that grew just one kind of crop</p>
19
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Bartolomé de las Casas

Spanish missionary and priest who stated that Spanish should try to convert Native Americans to Christianity by showing them love, gentleness, and kindness

<p>Spanish missionary and priest who stated that Spanish should try to convert Native Americans to Christianity by showing them love, gentleness, and kindness</p>
20
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Protestant Reformation

a religious movement that stated that the Roman Catholic Church was too wealthy and abused its power

<p>a religious movement that stated that the Roman Catholic Church was too wealthy and abused its power</p>
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Northwest Passage

a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific

<p>a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific</p>
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John Cabot

Italian explorer; made voyages to North America for England

<p>Italian explorer; made voyages to North America for England</p>
23
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Jacques Cartier

French explorer; explored the Saint Lawrence River

<p>French explorer; explored the Saint Lawrence River</p>
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Henry Hudson

English explorer; discovered the Hudson River

<p>English explorer; discovered the Hudson River</p>
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charter

a document giving him permission to start a colony

<p>a document giving him permission to start a colony</p>
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immune

having a natural resistance to

<p>having a natural resistance to</p>
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Middle Passage

the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure

<p>the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure</p>
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African Diaspora

the scattering of African slaves between the 1520s and 1860s

<p>the scattering of African slaves between the 1520s and 1860s</p>