influences on perception

2.1a

sensation

Your sensory organs take in stimuli from the world

perception

How your brain interprets stimuli based on experiences, memory, and expectations

bottom up processing

Refers to sensation and starts with sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processors, without prior expectations

top down processing

Perceptual processing based on higher level knowledge, expectation, and memory

the proof readers illusion

Failure to notice errors in written material to the top down processing and prior expectations

cocktail party effect

Part of a conversation stands out because it's particularly relevant to us

schema

A mental framework or basic knowledge about a concept which helps organize and interpret information

divided attention

Focusing on multiple sensory inputs at once

stroop effect

Our tendency to experience difficulty naming a physical color when it is used to spell the name of a different color

selective attention

A way to focus on one particular stimulus out of many that is most likely the most important

inattentional blindness

Failure to perceive visual stimulus because of selective attention

change blindness

Specific form of in attentional blindness where we fail to notice changes in our environment

perceptual sets

What we expect to sense influences our actual experience, so a bias or a stereotype— that could be context, motivation, emotions, and culture

reversible figure

a figure that can be seen accurately in more than one way for example duck and Bunny