Biology: Osmosis, Active Transport, and Cell Functions

What factors affect respiration?

Glucose concentration, oxygen availability, temperature, and toxic substances.

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Temperature, concentration gradient, and pressure.

What happens to a cell in a concentrated solution?

Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.

What happens to a cell in a dilute solution?

Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst.

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

Enzymes can denature, losing their shape and function.

What is a concentrated solution?

A solution with high solute concentration but low water concentration.

What is a dilute solution?

A solution with low solute concentration but high water concentration.

What is a tissue?

A group of cells with a similar function.

What is active transport?

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.

What is an organ system?

A collection of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

What is an organ?

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

What is an organism?

An individual living entity that can function independently.

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy.

What is eutrophication?

The process where excess nutrients, often from fertilizers, lead to increased plant growth and decay in water bodies.

What is magnification in microscopy?

The process of enlarging the appearance of an object using lenses.

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

What is the 'lock and key' hypothesis?

The idea that enzymes have a specific active site that fits a specific substrate.

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

A light microscope uses light to magnify images, while an electron microscope uses a beam of electrons for higher magnification.

What is the effect of pH on enzymes?

Extreme pH levels can denature enzymes, affecting their activity.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

They absorb light for photosynthesis.

What is the function of mitochondria?

The site of aerobic respiration where energy is released.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

It contains cell sap and helps maintain turgor pressure.

What is the role of enzymes?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

What is the role of pesticides in agriculture?

They control pests, reducing competition for resources among plants.

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

It provides support and structure to the cell.

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

It is where chemical reactions occur within the cell.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

It controls the activities of the cell.