FMIS104 W9 & W10 Quizlet

What does PACS stand for?

Picture Archiving and Communication System

(T/F) The first PACS was invented/created by the PACS vendors:

FALSE: It was developed by scientists in large research institutions

What is PACS collectively known for?

1)The Radiologist Electronic Reading Room

2)The File room for Digital Images

3)System to query and view digital images generated in the Radiology department from all modalities

PACS Functions include:

1.) Data acquisition

2.) Image viewing

3.) Data processing

4.) Image storage

5.) Image manipulation

6.) Image networking

What are the 3 fundamental components of PACS?

Ø Image acquisition

Ø Display workstations

Ø Archive servers

What serves as the Central Network Hub and File room of the PACS?

The archive server

What is the new term used set by the FDA?

MIMPS-The Medical Image Management and Processing System

What are the 3 separate categories created by the FDA?

1)Medical image Storage Device

2) Medical Image Communication Device

3) Medical image Management and Processing System

What format is universally accepted as the standard for medical Images and data "the language".

DICOM- Standard protocol

May be defined as how a process works step by step or how a task is completed

Workflow

(T/F) The workflow is the same at every radiology facility

FALSE- The workflow is different at each because of the many variables

What are the 2 workflows described

1) Film-based

2) Generic PACS workflow

Which workflow used pass-boxes, chemicals to develop the images and multiple light boxes.

Film-based workflow

What was the name of the device used to store for films?

Film Jacket

(T/F) Film-based and Generic PACS workflows are much the same

FALSE- The differ in many ways- Digital vs analog

This system architecture involves images sent to or requested from a centralized computer server.

Client/Server-based system

What is a Distributed system

Modalities send the images to designated reading rooms and/or review stations- (ER Dept. Surgery etc.)

(T/F) With distributed systems is the server goes down, local reading is interrupted.

FALSE- If the server goes down, local reading at the workstations is not interrupted

(T/F) an advantage of Web-based systems is that the same application can be used onsite and at home in Teleradiology

TRUE

What is Resolution?

Number of pixels in the display

In general, what is a Display Workstation?

Any computer used to view a digital Image

(T/F) Image resolution is NOT influenced by the matrix number used/present in the image

FALSE- it is directly influenced

(T/F) Radiologist use the highest resolution monitors and best hardware available

TRUE

Mammography requires what megapixel monitors?

5K or 5 Megapixels

(T/F) General physician review stations have the same quality components as the Radiologist reading station

FALSE- It is a Step-down model

(T/F) For referring physicians often the report is more important to them than the images

TRUE

Can the same set of images be viewed in different computers at the same time?

Yes, that is one of the greatest advantages of PACS

What are the Technologist QC stations for?

To adjust parameters, prescribe image planning and review images for quality before sending them to the radiologist

Technologist QC station normally have a _____K monitor

1

What are the Navigation Functions of PACS

Navigation functions are used to move through images, series, studies, and patients

What does the "Hanging" protocol define when viewing images?

Hanging protocols define how a set of images will be displayed on the monitor. single vs multiple per screen

PACS is the _________________ or _________________ exam being viewed

current or previous

What are some of the most common image manipulation functions:

●Window width and window level

●Annotations

●Flip and rotate

●Pan, zoom, and magnify

●Measurements

What does changing the Window Width and Window Level do?

A change in the window and level alters the brightness and contrast of the image.

(T/F) Radiologist will often place arrows and circles around pathologic or questionable areas

TRUE

Why are lead markers important in X-rays?

Use of lead markers is important to ensure that the radiologist is reading the correct side

(T/F) Digital markers may be a legal liability

TRUE- If marked incorrectly

(T/F) among many functions, PACS allows the ability to measure distances or size of structures

TRUE

What does ROI stand for?

Region of Interest

What are advance workstations

specialty workstations for the radiologist; some are found on the technologist QC station to further enhance the images

What are some of the functions of advance workstations:

Ø Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

Ø Maximum intensity projection and minimum intensity projection (MIP and MinIP)

Ø Volume rendering technique (VRT)

Ø Shaded surface display (SSD)

Ø Stitching

What does MPR stand for?

Multiplanar reconstruction

One of the most commonly used 3D techniques:

A 3D volume can be manipulated producing Coronal, Sagittal, Axials and oblique images from it

MPR

What is MIP?

Maximum Intensity Projection- Used to visualize vessels by cutting/removing undesirable structures

What is SSD?

Shaded Surface Display

What is Image Stitching?

attaches multiple images together in one image.

What are some images that require stitching:

Full spine

Scoliosis series

Run-offs

Long bones