CLINICAL CASES: The Blood I, II, III

Used by some athletes to enhance performance.

Blood doping

Self-donation of Erythrocytes and Pharmaceutical EPO are both what?

Blood Doping methods

Blood Doping: Self-donation of Erythrocytes includes blood removal prior to what competition which does what?

Increases EPO production

Blood Doping: In Self-donation of Erythrocytes what occurs prior to competition?

Erythrocytes are transfused back (blood is injected back into arm)

Blood Doping: One of the dangers of Pharmaceutical EPO is increased what?

Blood Viscosity

Blood Doping: One of the dangers of Pharmaceutical EPO is that the heart is required to work less or harder?

Harder

Blood Doping: One of the dangers of Pharmaceutical EPO is it may cause what?

Permanent cardiovascular damage

Blood Doping: One of the dangers of Pharmaceutical EPO is its banned in what?

Athletic Competition

Either the percentage of erythrocytes is lower than normal or the oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced.

Anemia

Lethargy, shortness of breath, pallor, palpitations are all symptoms of what?

Anemia

Anemia causes increased or decreased abnormal erythrocyte formation?

Decreased abnormal erythrocyte formation

Anemia causes heavy or light blood loss?

Heavy blood loss

Anemia causes deficiency of what?

 iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid

Anemia causes _______ ________.

Genetic Defects

Some cases of Anemia can be treated by what?

Pharmaceutical EPO

Anemia can sometimes signal what?

Underlying problems E.g., undiagnosed stomach ulcer

Rh Negative mom may be exposed to what?

Rh+ blood during childbirth of Rh+ baby

After mom is exposed to Rh+ blood during childbirth of Rh+ baby she will now have what?

Anti-D antibodies

Rh mom in future pregnancy may cross placenta and destroy what?

Fetal RBCs

Rh negative mom with a Rh positive baby in womb results in what?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hemolytic disease of newborn refers ot what?

Infant with ANEMIA and HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA , HEART FAILURE

How is Rh incompatibility and pregnancy prevented?

Give pregnant Rh negative woman special immunoglobulins

Malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells (blood cancer); Abnormal development and proliferation of leukocytes

Leukemia

Leukemia increases in what?

Abnormal leukocyte number

Leukemia decreases in what?

Erythrocyte and megakaryocytic lines

Leukemia increase in abnormal leukocyte number and decrease in erythrocyte and megakaryocytic lines results in what?

Anemia and bleeding

Type of leukemia that has Rapid progression, and resulting in death typically within months in children and young adults refers to?

Acute Leukemia

A leukemia that is slower progression and occurs in middle-aged and older individuals refers to?

Chronic Leukemia

As discussed in lecture chronic leukemia patients may need what?

A blood tranfusion

As discussed in lecture which is worse acute or chronic leukemia?

Acute leukemia; chronic leukemia is not as bad if you cut it early and take meds

Bleeding disorders.

Hemophilias

Which are the most common forms of Hemophilias?

Hemophilia A and B

Hemophilia A and B occur in what pattern?

X-linked recessive pattern

In Hemophilia A and B Males exhibit what?

Full blown disease

In Hemophilia A and B females are typically what?

Carriers

Hemophilia A and B result from what?

Deficiency of: Factor VIII (8), Factor IX (9), or Factor XI (11) more rare

Platelet deficiency.

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is either what two thingg?

Increased breakdown of platelets or decreased production of platelets

Thrombocytopenia may occur in what?

Bone marrow infection or cancer

Thrombocytopenia: Certain drugs interfere with clotting (can cause bleeding) in who?

Thrombocytopenia patients

Asprin, ibuprofen, warfarin, ginko

Certain drugs that interfere with clotting

As discussed in lecture which is more effective for a fever, Ibuprofen or Tylenol?

Ibuprofen

As discussed in the lecture ibuprofen is metabolized by what?

The kidney

As discussed in the lecture Tylenol is metabolized by what?

The liver

As discussed in the lecture in regards to Tylenol and Ibuprofen the kidney is considered more what?

More important as its the backbone of the heart

As discussed in the lecture which is worse to take more in quantity Ibuprofen or Tylenol and why?

Ibuprofen because it’ll affect the kidney which is more important when compared to the liver as the Kidney is the backbone of the heart.

Increased Coagulation / tendency to blood clot.

Hypercoagulation

Hypercoagulation can lead to what?

Thrombus; blood vessel clot

When a thrombus becomes disloged in the blood it is called what?

Embolus

If an embolus lodges in lungs its known as?

Pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary Embolism can cause what?

Breathing problems and death = CODE BLUE

Drug-related issues (birth control pills), Environmental factors, and genetic causes (prolonged activity) are all possible causes for what?

Hypercoagulation