Variations from normal breathing patterns

Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing

Dyspnea

Labored breathing, gasping breathing, shortness of breath 

Hyperpnea 

Increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, or other conditions

Hyperventilation

Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demand, frequently associated with anxiety; expels CO2 faster than it’s produced - thus lowering blood CO2 concentration and raising the blood pH 

Hypoventilation

reduce pulmonary ventilation; leads to an increase in blood CO2 concentration if ventilation is insufficient to expel CO2 as fast as it’s produced 

Kussmaul respiration

Deep, rapid breathing often induced by acidosis; seen in diabetes mellitus

Orthopnea

Dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down or in any position other than standing or sitting erect; seen in heart failure, asthma, emphysema, and other conditions 

Respiratory arrest

Permanent cessation of breathing (unless there’s a medical intervention)

Tachypnea 

Accelerated respiration