ck tacn garmmar

Since / For + mốc/khoảng thời gian

Dùng Present Perfect (have/has + V3). VD: He has had a headache for 3 days.

How long…? (Bao lâu rồi?)

Dùng Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous. VD: How long have these headaches been bothering you?

Ago / Last night / Yesterday

Dùng Past Simple (V2/ed). VD: The coughing started five days ago.

Prior to (trước thời điểm quá khứ)

Dùng Past Perfect (had + V3/ed). VD: He had had the pain for 3 hours prior to arrival.

Kế hoạch tương lai chắc chắn (Next Friday)

Dùng Present Continuous mang nghĩa tương lai. VD: She is seeing a physiotherapist next Friday.

While + hành động đang diễn ra

Dùng Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing). VD: While he was working, he broke his arm.

suffer ___

from. VD: He has suffered from intermittent pain.

allergic ___

to. VD: Are you allergic to any drugs?

complain ___

of / about. VD: The patient complained of feeling tired.

die ___

of / from. VD: His father died of myocardial infarction.

associate ___

with. VD: Is there anything else associated with the tightness?

consist ___

of. VD: The airways consist of the larynx…

stay away ___

from. VD: You should stay away from beer and alcohol.

have difficulty ___

V-ing (difficulty breathing). VD: This patient has difficulty breathing.

trouble ___

with. VD: I'm having trouble with my hip.

pain ___

in. VD: Do you get any pain in your back?

make + Object + ___

V-bare (không "to"). VD: The pain sometimes makes me wake up.

have + Object (người) + ___

V-bare. VD: Have somebody accompany you home.

have/get + Object (vật) + ___

V3/ed (Causative Passive). VD: I have had my temperature taken.

want / need / would like + Object + ___

to-V. VD: I would like you to stand up.

seem ___

to-V. VD: The woman seems to have a runny nose.

after / before + (cùng chủ ngữ) ___

V-ing. VD: After resting for half an hour, most people are ready to go home.

be used for ___

V-ing. VD: Needles are used for giving injections.

allow / enable + Object + ___

to-V. VD: The system enables us to take in oxygen.

rather than ___

V-bare. VD: Let it out rather than bottle it up.

Bị động Hiện tại đơn

am/is/are + V3/ed. VD: The needle is attached to the syringe.

Bị động Hiện tại hoàn thành

have/has been + V3/ed. VD: A breast cancer gene has been identified.

Tính từ phân từ V-ed

Chỉ người bị tác động / có kinh nghiệm. VD: Only experienced doctors perform this.

So sánh kép (càng… càng…)

The + so sánh hơn, the + so sánh hơn. VD: The older you are, the more likely you are to get cancer.

so that / in order that

Để mà (chỉ mục đích, theo sau là mệnh đề). VD: Doctors explain so that they can obtain consent.

Unless

= If… not (Nếu không). VD: Unless the patient is sent to hospital in time, he will die.

who / whom / that

Đại từ quan hệ thay thế danh từ chỉ người. VD: The doctor whom I met is a specialist.

when / on which

Trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian. VD: The day when he stopped smoking.

It is necessary for somebody to-V

Cần thiết cho ai đó làm gì. VD: It is necessary for your father to change his diet.

too + adj + to-V

Quá… đến nỗi không thể. VD: He is too weak to eat.

so + adj + that

Quá… đến nỗi. VD: He is so weak that he can't eat anything.

Take a deep breath

Hít thở sâu (collocation cố định trong khám bệnh).

What is the pain like?

Hỏi tính chất cơn đau (= How is the pain?). Dùng "What… like?"

between X and Y

Giữa X và Y. VD: Blood glucose is normally between 70 and 110 mg/dl.